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Based on a double-phase methodology (grouping by cluster method and costing) the costs of three activities of cacao establishment and annual management in San Vicente de Chucuri and El Carmen de Chucuri (Santander, Colombia) were structured. The grouping phase identified two productive typologies, one with low technification level and another with a medium level; moreover, technification levels were corroborated through cost structuring, in which, for all the activities, the medium technification typology generated higher average values than the low one. General cost structures showed that the most important item is labor, followed by inputs and plant material. The disaggregation of costs into monetary and non-monetary (implicit cost) showed that producers with low technification and low frequency of input use present 35% of non-monetary costs per tree, while producers with some level of crop management and relatively high execution of activities have a slightly higher non-monetary cost, 45% of the average total cost per tree. Within non-monetary costs, the labor (mainly family labor) contributed, on average, to 34% of the total cost structures, which constitutes a risk management factor when defining the financial equilibrium point of the cacao production activity.

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The application of the simplified procedures of Chapter 18 of ASCE 7-16 is studied together with the seismic Peruvian E.030 standard for the design of new buildings with energy dissipation systems in Peru. An example of design for the seismic force-resisting system of a 5-story reinforced concrete building with fluid viscous dampers located in the city of Lima is developed. The analyses performed show that it is possible to reduce the dimensions of the structural elements of the corresponding undamped original building, while controlling the story drifts and deformations as required by the E.030 standard. The results of the proposed methods were compared with the results of nonlinear time-history analyses and in general conservative predictions of maximum roof displacements, story drifts and base shears were obtained.