In this work, we present a new a posteriori error estimator based on the Variational Multiscale method for anisotropic adaptive fluid mechanics problems. The general idea is to combine the large scale error based on the solved part of the solution with the sub-mesh scale error based on the unresolved part of the solution. We compute the latter with two different methods: one using the stabilizing parameters and the other using bubble functions. We propose two different metric tensors H iso and H new aniso . They are both defined by the recovered Hessian matrix of the solution and rely on the sub-grid scale error estimator. Thus, we develop a new anisotropic local error indicator and we test it for mesh adaptation on convection-dominated benchmarks in 2D and 3D. The results show that the proposed error indicator leads to enhanced and accurate solutions while using a drastically reduced number of elements.

A compressible Hybrid Lattice Boltzmann Method solver is used to perform a wall-resolved Large eddy simulation of an isothermal axisymmetric jet issuing from a pipe and impinging on a heated flat plate at a Reynolds number of 23 000, a Mach number of 0.1, and an impingement distance of two jet diameters. The jet flow field statistics, Nusselt number profile (including the secondary peak), and shear stress profile were well reproduced. The azimuthal coherence of the primary vortical structures was relatively low, leading to no discernible temporal periodicity of the azimuthally averaged Nusselt number at the location of the secondary peak. While local unsteady near-wall flow separation was observed in the wall jet, this flow separation did not exhibit azimuthal coherence and was not found to be the only cause of the thermal spots blue, which lead to the secondary peak in the Nusselt number, as stream-wise oriented structures also played a significant role in increasing the local heat transfer.

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