Despite progress in treatment strategies, only ~24% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients survive >1 year. Our goal was to elucidate deregulated pathways modulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) in PDAC and Vater ampulla (AMP) cancers. Global miRNA expression was identified in 19 PDAC, 6 AMP and 25 paired, histologically normal pancreatic tissues using the GeneChip 4.0 miRNA arrays. Computational approaches were used for miRNA target prediction/identification of miRNA-regulated pathways. Target gene expression was validated in 178 pancreatic cancer and 4 pancreatic normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). 20 miRNAs were significantly deregulated (FC≥2 and p <0.05) (15 down- and 5 up-regulated) in PDAC. miR-216 family (miR-216a-3p, miR-216a-5p, miR-216b-3p and miR-216b-5p) was consistently down-regulated in PDAC. miRNA-modulated pathways are associated with innate and adaptive immune system responses in PDAC. AMP cancers showed 8 down- and 1 up-regulated miRNAs (FDR p <0.05). Most enriched pathways ( p <0.01) were RAS and Nerve Growth Factor signaling. PDAC and AMP display different global miRNA expression profiles and miRNA regulated networks/tumorigenesis pathways. The immune response was enriched in PDAC, suggesting the existence of immune checkpoint pathways more relevant to PDAC than AMP.

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Purpose: Interposition of a jejunal tube between the common bile duct and duodenum. Methods: Five adult mongrel dogs of both sexes, weighing on average 22.3 kg (18 to 26.5 kg), were used. Obstructive jaundice was induced by ligation of the distal common bile duct. After one week, a 2.5-cm long jejunal tube was fabricated from a segment of the loop removed 15 cm from the Treitz angle and interposed between the common bile duct and duodenum. Results: The animals presented good clinical evolution and no complications were observed. After 6 weeks, complete integration was noted between the bile duct mucosa, tube and duodenum and a significant reduction in total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase was observed when compared to the values obtained one week after ligation of the common bile duct. Conclusion:The jejunal tube interposed between the dilated bile duct and duodenum showed good anatomic integration and reduced total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels in the animals studied. Key words: Biliary tract surgical procedures. Choledochostomy. Jaundice, obstructive. Dogs. RESUMO Objetivo:Interposição de um tubo de jejuno entre o colédoco e o duodeno. Métodos: Foram utilizados cinco cães adultos, sem raça definida, de ambos os sexos, com peso médio de 22,3 Kg (18 e 26,5 Kg). Após provocar icterícia obstrutiva pela ligadura do colédoco distal, após uma semana, praticou-se confecção do tubo de jejuno de 2,5 cm de extensão, que foi realizado com um segmento de alça retirado a 15 cm do ângulo de Treitz e a interposição do tubo entre o colédoco e o duodeno. Resultados: Os animais tiveram boa evolução clínica e não apresentaram complicações. Notouse total integração entre a mucosa da via biliar, do tubo e do duodeno e redução significativa dos valores da bilirrubina total e da fosfatase alcalina após seis semanas, quando comparado com os valores após uma semana de ligadura do colédoco. Conclusão: O tubo de jejuno interposto entre a via biliar dilatada e o duodeno, apresentou boa integração anatômica e reduziu os níveis de bilirrubina total e fosfatase alcalina dos animais estudados. Descritores: Procedimentos cirúrgicos do trato biliar. Coledocostomia. Icterícia obstrutiva. Cães.

. Mentor, designed the protocol and critical review. ABSTRACT PURPOSE:To study the effect of alcoholism on intestinal healing and postoperative complications in rats. METHODS:One hundred and sixty rats were divided into two groups: control and treated. The control group received water and the treated group 30% ethanol. After 180 days, colotomy with anastomosis were performed. After, the groups were divided into four subgroups: 20 rats for study at the following moments: 4 th , 7 th , 14 th and 21 st postoperative. The analyzed parameters were: weight gain, breaking strength, tissue hydroxyproline, postoperative complications and histopathological study. RESULTS:Weight gain was greater in the control group (p<0.05). When all the subgroups were clustered, breaking strength was significantly greater in the control (p<0.05). Histopathology and hydroxyproline dosage did not show differences. There were five surgical site infections in the treated group while the control group showed two (p>0.05). Nine fistulas occurred in the treated group whereas the control group two (p<0.05). There were three deaths in the control group and seven in the treated group (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Treated group undergo a malnutrition process that is revealed by lower weight gain. Impaired intestinal healing as indicated by smaller breaking strength. There were a larger number of postoperative complications in the treated animals.Key words: Wound Healing. Alcoholism. Ethanol. Tensile Strenght. Hydroxyproline. Rats. RESUMO OBJETIVO:Estudar o efeito do alcoolismo no processo de cicatrização intestinal e suas complicações pós-operatórias em ratos. MÉTODOS:Cento e sessenta ratos foram divididos em dois grupos: tratado e controle. O controle recebeu água, enquanto o tratado etanol a 30%. Após 180 dias foram realizadas colotomia, seguida de anastomose. Após os animais foram divididos em quatro subgrupos de 20 ratos para estudo nos seguintes momentos: 4º, 7º, 14º e 21º pós-operatório. Os parâmetros analisados foram: ganho de peso, força de ruptura, hidroxiprolina tecidual, complicações pós-operatórias e estudo histopatológico. RESULTADOS:O ganho de peso foi superior no grupo controle (p<0,05). Após agrupamento dos momentos a força de ruptura foi superior no controle (p<0,05). Não houve diferença quanto à histopatologia e hidroxiprolina. Houve cinco infecções de incisão no grupo tratado, enquanto no controle ocorreram duas (p>0,05). Houve nove fístulas no grupo tratado, enquanto no controle duas (p<0,05).Ocorreram sete mortes no grupo tratado e apenas três no controle (p>0,05). Intestinal healing in rats submitted to ethanol ingestionActa Cirúrgica Brasileira -Vol. 27 (3) 2012 -237 CONCLUSÕES:No grupo tratado ocorreu um processo de subnutrição evidenciado pelo menor ganho de peso. Piora na cicatrização intestinal, indicada pela menor força de ruptura. Ocorreu um maior número de complicações pós-operatórias no grupo tratado.Descritores: Cicatrização. Alcoolismo. Etanol. Resistência à Tração. Hidroxiprolina. Ratos.