Two mathematical models are used to simulate pollution in the Bay ofSantander. The first is the hydrodynamic model that provides the velocity field and height of the water. The second gives the pollutant concentration field as a resultant. Both models a re formulated in two-dimensional equations. Linear triangular finite elements are used in the Galerkin procedure for spatial discretization. A finite difference scheme is used for the time integration. At each time step the calculated results of the first model are input to the second model as field data. The efficiency and accuracy of the models are tested by their application to a simple illustrative example. Finally a case study in simulation of pollution evolution in the Bay of Santander is presented.
A nonlinear implicit finite element model for the solution of two-dimensional (2-D) shallow wa ter equations, based on a Galerkin formulation of the 2-D estuaries hydrodynamic equations, has been developed. Spatial discretization has been achieved by the use of isoparametric. Lagrangian elements. To obtain the different element matrices , Simpson numerical integration has been applied. For time integration of the model. several schemes in finite differences have been used: the Cranck-Nicholson iterative method supplies a superior accuracy and allows us to work with the greatest time step t.t; however, central differences time inteKration produces a greater velocity of calculation. The model has been tested with different examples to check its accuracy and advantages in relation to computation and handling of matrices. Finally. an application to the Bay of Santander is also presented.
Las representaciones sociales en el contexto de la formación posibilitan discernir la condición histórica, social y subjetiva de esta realidad, ubicando al actor educativo como un sujeto dinámico. El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer las representaciones sociales sobre la formación profesional que tienen los estudiantes de actividad física y deporte en Medellín. Se empleó un diseño multi-metodológico anidado, que dio cuenta de la incorporación de métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos. La recolección de información se realizó a través de un cuestionario modificado y la técnica de redes semánticas naturales. Los resultados señalaron que la formación profesional para los estudiantes universitarios, no solo da cuenta de componentes educativos y disciplinares, sino que, además, se vincula con elementos sociales, éticos, transformacionales, de beneficio físico y de relación con el otro, canalizados desde elementos valóricos. El estudio concluye que el componente valórico, que a diferencia de lo educativo y lo disciplinar no aparece en los currículos establecidos, o por lo menos no de forma explícita, se convierte en un aporte conceptual relevante. Además, esta investigación hace un llamado a las instituciones a incluir en sus planes de estudio elementos de materia relacional, en donde los valores son un pilar fundamental.
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