In recent years, Industry 4.0 has gained relevance in the manufacturing sector. On one hand, it is expected that this new paradigm will affect the entire value chain and increase the capabilities of the manufacturing system as a whole, in terms of interoperability and communication throughout factories and beyond. On the other hand, considering that small and medium-sized enterprises represent one of the main forces in economic development and employment generation, focus is shifting toward said manufacturing paradigm in order to ensure competitiveness in the market in the nearby future. However, economic factors could stand in the way of this migration. Thus, digital retrofit is seen as a possibility for the integration of Industry 4.0, paving the way for unappealing technologies to large investment opportunities. In this article, a thorough literary review is performed regarding the formal implementation of Industry 4.0 applications. The result is the Asset Administration Shell model. Afterward, a methodology is proposed for the design and implementation of the Asset Administration Shell, leading to a digital retrofit approach for manufacturing resources. Finally, the methodology is applied in a turning station, thereby validating an increase in the communication and interoperability of the station, which can be used to add overall value to the manufacturing system.

Abstract-The fourth industrial revolution, or industry 4.0, has recently become an important topic in the manufacturing context. This standard-based strategy integrates Smart Factories, Cyber-physical Systems, the Internet of Things, and the Internet of Service with the aim of extending the capacity of manufacturing systems. Although several authors have presented the advantages of this approach, few papers refer to an architecture that allows the correct implementation of industry 4.0 applications using the guidelines of the reference architecture model (RAMI 4.0). This article exposes the essential characteristics that allow a manufacturing system to be retrofitted to become an industry 4.0 application. Specifically, an intelligent manufacturing system based on a holonic approach was developed and implemented using standards like FDI, AutomationML and OPC UA according to the RAMI 4.0 model.3

Advances in informatics technologies have enabled new ways of attention in a health-care system. This kind of approach is commonly referred as a telemedicine. In this context, this work proposes an environment that facilitates the execution of a specific protocol of physical rehabilitation on a patient by a health care specialist through tele-operating technical aids. For this purpose, a service-oriented architecture was designed and implemented. In addition, considering the dynamics of the system oriented to occurrence of discrete events, formal modelling tool known as Coloured Petri Nets were used for validation and verification. Finally, numerous rehabilitation protocols were tested without presenting alterations with respect to the technical model.

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Currently, industrial systems must adapt to changes in globalized markets in order to be competitive. In this context, automation is presented as a solution to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of production. However, a correct specification of this kind of response is not a trivial task. This is due to the increase in the process dynamic complexity that involves personnel and technical resources of different nature as well as, risks derived from an incorrect solution definition. Thus, this article presents a structured process that considers the semantics of UML, Petri Nets as a modeling tools and automation standards to define the requirements, behavior and implementation of the system automation project. In order to assess the proposed approach, an application example was developed. Finally, the relevant contributions are stated in the context of the application.