El objetivo del presente estudio fue desarrollar un prototipo de evaluación genética multirracial para fertilidad de vaquillas (FERT) en las poblaciones Simmental-Simbrah y Charolais-Charbray. Se utilizó información de 49,943 hembras Simmental-Simbrah, nacidas entre 1984 y 2011 (EvSim) y de 49,871 hembras Charolais-Charbray, nacidas entre 1990 y 2011 (EvChar). Para el análisis, a FERT se le asignó un uno cuando la vaquilla parió antes de los 1,281 días de edad y un cero en caso contrario. Los estimadores de los componentes de varianza y los valores genéticos se obtuvieron ajustando un modelo lineal mixto para una sola característica. Los estimadores de heredabilidad fueron similares, 0.07 ± 0.008 y 0.06 ± 0.008, para EvSim y EvChar, respectivamente. La mediana del número de hembras por grupo contemporáneo fue 10, en un rango intercuartil de 5 a 20, en ambos casos, EvSim y EvChar. La mediana del número de hembras por familia de medias hermanas paternas fue 5 en ambos casos, EvSim y EvChar. Las diferencias esperadas en la progenie (DEP) de FERT variaron de: -5.79 a 8.72, -9.56 a 8.84, -7.94 a 8.22, y -7.29 a 6.14, para Simmental, Simbrah, Charolais y Charbray, respectivamente. Las heredabilidades estimadas indican que puede haber respuesta genética a la selección de FERT en las poblaciones evaluadas. Las tendencias genéticas estimadas muestran un cambio genético favorable en fertilidad de las cuatro razas durante el período 2007-2011. Los rangos de las DEP permiten identificar sementales sobresalientes para FERT.
The aim was to determine the effect of age at first calving on longevity, lifetime number of productive days and lifetime milk yield of Holstein and Brown Swiss cows in the tropical savanna of Honduras. The information was collected from three dairy farms with Holstein (n = 1,391) and four farms with Brown Swiss cows (n = 480), born from 1993 to 2013, managed under intensive systems. The statistical model that described the variables of interest included the effect of farm, group of age at first calving, period of birth, season of birth and the interaction farm x period and the residual error. Effects of farm, period group of age at first calving and interaction of farm x period were found on the response variables. A favorable effect of the cows that had their first calving at an earlier age on lifetime number of days in production and lifetime milk yield, and an increase in longevity, in both Holstein and Brown Swiss cows (P<0.05). In conclusion, cows that calved at an early age had more productive days in the farm and produced more milk during their productive life. Therefore, make the heifers to calf at an early age could be a management strategy to increase productivity in the farm. However, the weight at first calving and physiological aspects of the animal should be taken into consideration.
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