This paper studies the social structure of Spanish and Latin American communication researchers through the representation and analysis of three coauthorship networks at the national, institutional, and individual level. Such networks are built from papers indexed in the ‘Communication’ category by Web of Science and published between 2000 and 2019 by authors attached to a Spanish or Latin American institution (n = 5,040). The goal is to characterize the structural features of each network, identify the most central actors, and illustrate the most relevant relationships among nodes. The results show that the most central country is Spain, followed by the USA and other European nations. Among the Latin American states, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico are placed at the most relevant nodes. Latin American collaboration is preferentially addressed to the USA, especially since 2015. Regarding institutions, Spanish public universities in Madrid and Catalonia achieve the highest degrees of centrality. However, the most central Latin American institutions are private universities. The most relevant authors are Spanish researchers until 2015, when they are replaced at the top by Latin American scholars. Collaboration at both the individual and institutional levels shows a deep regional tendency, while the internationalization of researchers and universities is only more visible since 2015. This work identifies a tendency towards internal cohesion at different network levels as the number of connected nodes grows in each period. We conclude that a proper Spanish-Latin America community of communication researchers does not exist. Resumen Se aborda la estructura social de la comunidad española y latinoamericana de investigadores en Comunicación. Para ello se representan y analizan las redes de coautorías en tres niveles: naciones, instituciones y autores. Estas redes se construyen a partir de los artículos de revistas indexadas en la Web of Science categorizadas dentro del área “Communication” y publicados entre 2000 y 2019 por autores con afiliación a un centro español o latinoamericano (n = 5.040). Se busca así caracterizar estructuralmente cada red, identificar los actores más centrales y delimitar las relaciones más relevantes entre los nodos y medir la cohesión de la red, así como trazar la evolución de las coautorías en el período analizado. Los resultados muestran que el país más central es España, seguido por Estados Unidos y otras naciones europeas. Entre los estados latinoamericanos, Brasil, Chile y México ocupan los lugares más relevantes. La colaboración de Latinoamérica se dirige preferentemente hacia Estados Unidos, especialmente a partir de 2015. En cuanto a las instituciones, las universidades públicas madrileñas y catalanas destacan por su centralidad. Por el contrario, las universidades latinoamericanas más centrales son centros privados. Respecto a los autores, los más centrales son especialmente investigadores españoles, pero a partir de 2015 son reemplazados en los puestos más relevantes por autores latinoamericanos. No obstante, la colaboración, tanto institucional como individual, es marcadamente regional. La internacionalización de individuos e instituciones sólo se hace más visible a partir de 2015. Se identifica una tendencia a la cohesión interna de las redes en sus distintos niveles en tanto que aumenta el número de nodos conectados entre sí. Se concluye que no existe una comunidad propiamente hispano-latinoamericana de investigación en Comunicación.
Despite the advance of the Open Access (OA) movement, most scholarly production can only be accessed through a paywall. We conduct an international survey among researchers (N = 3304) to measure the willingness and motivations to use (or not use) scholarly piracy sites, and other alternatives to overcome a paywall such as paying with their own money, institutional loans, just reading the abstract, asking the corresponding author for a copy of the document, asking a colleague to get the document for them, or searching for an OA version of the paper. We also explore differences in terms of age, professional position, country income level, discipline, and commitment to OA. The results show that researchers most frequently look for OA versions of the documents. However, more than 50% of the participants have used a scholarly piracy site at least once. This is less common in high-income countries, and among older and better-established scholars. Regarding disciplines, such services were less used in Life & Health Sciences and Social Sciences. Those who have never used a pirate library highlighted ethical and legal objections or pointed out that they were not aware of the existence of such libraries.
This paper presents an analysis of the publication of datasets collected via Google Dataset Search, specialized in families of RNA viruses, whose terminology was obtained from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) thesaurus developed by the US Department of Health and Human Services. The objective is to determine the scope and reuse capacity of the available data, determine the number of datasets and their free access, the proportion in reusable download formats, the main providers, their publication chronology, and to verify their scientific provenance. On the other hand, we also define possible relationships between the publication of datasets and the main pandemics that have occurred during the last 10 years. The results obtained highlight that only 52% of the datasets are related to scientific research, while an even smaller fraction (15%) are reusable. There is also an upward trend in the publication of datasets, especially related to the impact of the main epidemics, as clearly confirmed for the Ebola virus, Zika, SARS-CoV, H1N1, H1N5, and especially the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Finally, it is observed that the search engine has not yet implemented adequate methods for filtering and monitoring the datasets. These results reveal some of the difficulties facing open science in the dataset field. Resumen Se presenta un análisis sobre la publicación de conjuntos de datos recogidos en el buscador Google Dataset Search, especializados en familias de virus de ARN, cuya terminología fue obtenida en el tesauro del National Cancer Institute (NCI), elaborado por el Department of Health and Human Services de los Estados Unidos. Se busca evaluar el alcance y capacidad de reutilización de los datos disponibles, determinando el número de datasets, su libre acceso, proporción en formatos de descarga reutilizables, principales proveedores, cronología de publicación y verificación de su procedencia científica. Por otra parte, definir posibles vínculos entre la publicación de datasets y las principales pandemias ocurridas en los últimos 10 años. Entre los resultados obtenidos se destaca que sólo el 52% de los datasets tienen correspondencia con investigaciones científicas y, en menor medida, un 15% son reaprovechables. También se observa una evolución al alza en la publicación de datasets, especialmente vinculada a la afectación de las principales epidemias. Esto es confirmado de manera evidente con los virus del Ébola, Zika, SARS-CoV, H1N1, H1N5 y, particularmente con el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Finalmente, se observa que el buscador aún no ha implementado métodos adecuados para el filtrado y supervisión de los datasets. Estos resultados muestran algunas de las dificultades que aún presenta la ciencia abierta en el campo de los datasets.
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