The main objective of this article is to define the gaps which make more difficult the access and the appropriate use of ICT in Chilean SME's in livestock sector. In order to reach this objective, it were surveyed 151 managers of SME's in dairy sector, located in the Región de los Ríos and Región de los Lagos, Chile (provinces of Valdivia, Osorno and Llanquihue). The data compiled were processed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis. They yielded the following results: a) the lack of training was the main gap registered to access to ICT within the companies analyzed, b) poor access to specific software is another of the gaps most important, and c) half of the managers surveyed had an unfavorable attitude to the constant updating of ICT in their companies. Finally, we recommend a policy that aims, in addition to the basic and specific equipment access, ICT training within the different occupational levels of the SME's.
This study explains the behaviour of productive variables as a function of social and economic variables of 16 small dairy farms from the Farming Management Programme of the Río Bueno Farm Management Center (Centro de Gestión Agrícola de Río Bueno, CEGA S.A.), for the periods 2000-2001 and 2001-2002. A Multiple Linear Regression analysis was conducted considering three dependent variables: production seasonality, milk production (L/cow/year), and own capital profitability (%). These three variables were obtained using an expert panel method. The explanatory variables included social, productive, economic and financial aspects. The results showed that during the first period, production seasonality was related to the variables own capital profitability and the size of the area destined to milk production, while in the second period it was related to the financial solvency of a farm. The milk production variable was related to milk price in both periods. The own capital profitability variable was related to the cost of milk (per liter) in both periods, and to the area used in milk production, in the second period only.
RESUMENEste trabajo se llevó a cabo con datos contables elaborados por medio del software CONGA, diseñado por investigadores del Instituto de Economía Agraria de la Universidad Austral de Chile, con fines de planificar y controlar la gestión de empresas agrí-colas. Se establecen las estructuras de costos e ingresos de los productores para determinar las actividades con mayor incidencia en el resultado de cada explotación. Paralelamente, se determinaron, mediante los presupuestos técnico-económicos, indicadores de rentabilidad, liquidez y solvencia. Las principales conclusiones obtenidas señalan que la mayor parte de los productores genera márgenes totales positivos, siendo estos suficientes para cubrir los costos de estructura, cancelar impuestos e intereses de créditos recibidos. Los costos con mayor incidencia en los predios analizados están representados por la reposición de animales, alimentación del ganado, salarios por mano de obra ocasional y permanente y los costos de fertilización y enmiendas, los que se asemejan a otros estudios realizados anteriormente. Por otra parte, los ítems de ingresos más importantes están vinculados a la comercialización de leche, producción y venta de vaquillas, terneros y novillos. En general los productores generan rentabilidades positivas (más del 80% de los productores) tanto del capital total como del capital propio, existiendo variación entre ambas debido a que algunos necesitan de capital externo para financiar sus actividades.Palabras clave: análisis económico, estudio de casos, producción de leche y carne.
ABSTRACT
The accounting data used in the analysis
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