Introduction: Filifactor alocis is considered an emerging pathogen in various oral infections, mainly endodontic. Objective: To analyze the literature on the bacterium Filifactor alocis, including its virulence factors, nutrition, diagnosis, epidemiology, and treatment. Methodology: Articles on the subject published through the PubMed, SCOPUS and Google Academic databases were analyzed, with an emphasis on the last 5 years. It was carried out with the words "Filifactor alocis", "Gram-positive", "Anaerobic bacteria", "Endodontic infections". Results: 3-methyldenine DNA glycosylase, its ability to encode FtxA exotoxin, and its high ability to form hydrogen sulfide from L-cysteine are some of its virulence factors. 16S rRNA gene sequencing is the most common detection method. The relatively high detection of F. alocis associated with infections of endodontic origin, makes it a potential putative endodontic pathogen. Correct chemical-mechanical instrumentation and a hermetic seal is the best treatment to eradicate Filifactor alocis. Conclusions: Filifactor alocis is one of the most frequent bacteria in various endodontic infections. Therefore, its eradication is crucial to achieve the elimination of the infection.

Introduction: Preservation of pulp tissue can extend the long-term survival of teeth through relatively simple restorative procedures. Objective:To analyze the literature on the success of indirect pulp capping in primary and permanent teeth, as well as direct pulp capping and partial and complete pulpotomy in mature and immature teeth. Methodology: An electronic search was performed during January 2022 in the PubMed, SCOPUS and Google Scholar databases, using Boolean logical operators AND, OR and NOT. Human or in vitro comparative studies were included and evaluated, the keywords used were: "vital pulp therapy", "direct pulp capping", "indirect pulp capping", "primary teeth", "partial pulpotomy", "permanent", "mature" and "immature". Results: An indirect pulp capping (IPC) will depend mainly on the size of the lesion and its time of evolution, TheraCal and Biodentine can be considered as the material of choice. A direct pulp capping (DPC) has a success rate between 80% to 90% and the materials used do not differ much from each other. Partial pulpotomy has a success rate between 85% and 95% and the most used material is MTA. Complete pulpotomy has a success ranging from 85% to 93%, with MTA and Biodentine being the most used materials. Conclusions: IPC, as well as partial and complete pulpotomy, have high success rates both above 85%. The material of choice will be TheraCal for IPC, and MTA and Biodentine for partial and complete pulpotomy.

Introduction: Direct pulp treatment is a procedure in which the exposed vital pulp is treated with a therapeutic material, it is sought to promote healing, maintain pulp vitality and protect the pulp. Objective: To prove that TheraCal is the material of choice as a coating for direct pulp treatment in terms of biocompatibility and cytotoxicity, solubility and clinical management, effects on the pulp, clinical and radiographic success in comparison with current materials used; MTA and Biodentine. Methodology: An electronic search was performed during September 2021 in the PubMed-MEDLINE database. Human or In vitro comparative studies evaluating biocompatibility, clinical and radiographic success were included. No restriction was applied to the date of publication. Case series and expert opinions were excluded. Keywords such as "Theracal", "direct pulp capping", "Biodentine", "MTA" and "vital pulp treatment" were used. Results: Only one article was found that discussed the toxic effects of TheraCal. TheraCal has very favorable effects on the pulp, as it could be observed to induce dentin formation, these effects are to some extent limited. The solubility of TheraCal is one of its strongest characteristics, and it is very useful in indirect pulp capping, but not very useful in direct pulp capping. In comparison with other materials, Theracal shows good results that are considerably successful, however, the MTA and Biodentine variants present better percentages and higher probabilities of success. Conclusion: Theracal cannot be considered as a first-choice material when performing direct pulp treatment.

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen present worldwide that produces a large number of toxic molecules, has a 47.5% mortality rate in patients infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), but its prevalence and its contribution to infections in the oral cavity and in the orthodontic area have not been thoroughly investigated. Objective: To analyze the current literature on the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in relation to orthodontics, as well as its prevalence, virulence, biofilm and treatment. Methodology: An electronic search was carried out in the databases PubMed, Google scholar and SCOPUS, compiling articles on Staphylococcus aureus published in the last 5 years; the following keywords were used for the search: "Staphylococcus aureus", "prevalence", "virulence", "biofilm", "treatment", "systemic", "oral", "dental", "orthodontics", among others. Results: A prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus of 90.9% was found on the surface of removable orthodontic appliances. The common virulence factor presents in systemic, oral cavity and proposed orthodontic-related infections is enterotoxins. Adhesion and biofilm formation on the arch wires can be a source of Staphylococcus aureus colonization. The use of 0.2% chlorhexidine rinse is recommended before performing any treatment in oral cavity. Conclusions: It is of utmost importance to inform patients undergoing orthodontic treatment of the risks that can occur if daily removal of the oral micro biota and cleaning of removable appliances before placing them in the mouth is not carried out.

No abstract