Las prácticas funerarias en la Meseta Sur, cuenca del Tajo, han sido nuestro objeto de estudio en los últimos años. Buena parte de nuestros trabajos se han centrado en los yacimientos excavados en el Valle de Huecas (Toledo): El Castillejo y la necrópolis de hipogeos de Valle de las Higueras, mayoritariamente situados entre Neolítico -Calcolítico (BUENO et al. 2009), si bien el uso funerario y habitacional del valle se prolonga hasta bien avanzada la Edad del Bronce (BUENO et al. 2000). Recibido: 2014-06-11 Aceptado: 2014 Enterramientos de la Edad del Bronce en la Meseta Sur peninsular a partir del Sector 22, Yuncos (Toledo)Bronze Age burials in the southern Iberian Meseta from Sector 22, Yuncos (Toledo) ABSTRACTThe results of the analyses of two tombs from the Sector 22 site in Toledo are presented in this article. The four buried individuals from this site display some of the most unique aspects found in Cogotas burials from the Meseta, like the young age of the deceased, infants and juveniles, the association of primary and secondary burials in the same tomb, the presence of ceramic gravegoods and a considerable animal offering. The designation of these burials to the Cogotas I culture has been confirmed by a C-14 dating.The burials are situated within the group of Cogotas burials in the Tagus basin, contrasting the data with the Northern Meseta. The main topics that are analyzed are the chronology, funerary manners, population, pathological signs and spatial positioning of the tombs. The number of burials that have been found in the Southern Meseta up until now is small and there are few absolute datings. Compared with the previous Chalcolithic there is a considerable decrease in the number of burials and the variety of structures, now reduced to pits. Among the many variables in the deposition of the deceased and the applied ritual, the use of this type of tombs is an essential common element. The presence of juvenile individuals stands out in the buried population, but in order to determine the selection of an age group a broader sample would be necessary. However, we can confirm that the age and sex of the individuals do not determine a specific type of burial. Finally, a habitat-tombs analysis is not possible in spite of their overlapping in the terrain as the settlements are only partially known. They lack a structural, archaeological or topographical delimitation. Beyond their grouping in certain areas no clear common criteria regarding the location of the burials are evident so far. RESUMENPresentamos los resultados del análisis de dos tumbas del yacimiento del Sector 22 en Toledo. Sus cuatro individuos reúnen algunos de los aspectos más singulares de los enterramientos Cogotas I de la Meseta, y una fecha C-14 que asegura su adscripción. Las sepulturas se encuadran posteriormente en el conjunto de enterramientos Cogotas que conocemos hoy en el Tajo, valorando y contrastando con la Meseta Norte, cuestiones que atañen a la cronología, los modos funerarios, la población enterrada y la localización espac...
PRIMITIVA BUENO RAMÍREZ (*) RODRIGO DE BALBÍN BEHRMANN (*) ROSA BARROSO BERMEJO (*; JUAN MANUEL ROJAS RODRIGUEZ-MALO (**) RAMÓN VILLA GONZÁLEZ (**) RODOLFO FÉLIX LÓPEZ (***) SALVADOR ROVIRA LLORENS (****) RESUMENLa excavación del túmulo del Castillejo, en Huecas, ha proporcionado restos óseos de al menos nueve individuos. La disposición de los cadáveres, la visibilidad del túmulo y su proximidad a un poblado importante y a otros enterramientos en cueva artificial, plantea numerosas cuestiones acerca de la interpretación tradicional del mundo funerario neolítico y calcolitico meseteño. Su claro colectivismo y la envergadura del túmulo relacionan este enterramiento con el megalitismo, pese a carecer de estructuras Üe esa índole. La posible conexión simbólica entre los enterra&os y una subestructura habitacional, añade interés a los resultados de una investigación que esperamos poder continuar. its proximity to an important village and to artificial caves, raises numerous problems about the traditional interpretation of the Neolithic fiinerary world and the Chalcolithic in the Meseta. Its clear collectivism and the importance of the tomb relates this burial to the Megalithic culture, in spite of lacking large stone structures. The possible symbolic connection among the buried and an early dwelling structure, adds interest to the results of an investigation that we hope to continue.
Perforated stone plaques, known as bracers, are found across late prehistoric Europe and many of them have been recovered in Bell Beaker funerary contexts, usually associated with adult individuals. Experimental, technological, and use-wear studies have determined that the bracers were both utilitarian and symbolic objects. Very few are found in children's graves, but examples are known in the Iberian Peninsula, two of which are presented here. The analyses conducted on the two bracers, including archaeological contextualization, raw material identification, and technological and use-wear studies, allow the authors to reconstruct their respective biographies. Although these pieces were associated with young children, they had long lives before their final deposition in the graves. Use-wear marks on one of the bracers suggest that it was used in archery, despite its small size.
Resumen: Las excavaciones arqueológicas llevadas a cabo en torno a los restos del acueducto que atraviesa los terrenos del campo de maniobras de la Academia Militar de Infantería de Toledo han permitido conocer con detalle la traza de uno de los sistemas hidráulicos que abastecieron a la ciudad romana. El estudio de esta obra se centró además en definir pormenorizadamente su forma constructiva y características técnicas -pendiente y volúmenes portables-, lo que permite diferenciar netamente a este acueducto del procedente de la presa de la Alcantarilla, también vinculado con el sistema de abastecimiento a la antigua Toletum. Queda así patente que nos hallamos ante dos conducciones diferentes, que deben unirse, no obstante, en las cercanías de la ciudad. Dentro del recorrido de la conducción excavada se construyó la torre hoy conocida como el Horno de Vidrio, un elemento singular por sus características dentro de la ingeniería hidráulica romana. La situación de esta estructura facilitaba al acueducto un trazado menos abrupto hacia Toledo, a la vez que permitía la pérdida de carga en un canal de pendiente excesiva.Palabras clave: Toletum; Acueductos; Ingeniería hidráulica romana; Sistemas de pérdida de carga.Abstract: Archaeological works carried out in connection with the aqueduct located in the fields of the Military Academy of Infantry of Toledo have allowed us to know new and interesting data about the Roman water supply to the ancient city of Toletum. These excavations were focused on reporting the route, design and technical characteristics -gradients and capacity-. Every data obtained show that the channel through the lands of the Academy is distinctly different of the Roman aqueduct from the Alcantarilla dam, although we supposed that both of them should join in some point near the city.The pressure drop tower popularly known as the Horno de Vidrio is located in the final section of the aqueduct that has been studied. It is a very singular structure with double aim: first, to facilitate the aqueduct a less steep path towards Toledo. Second, to lose height in an aqueduct with excessive slope.
Al sur de la iglesia San Sebastián se perciben restos en los cuales se pueden ver dos baños islámicos. El baño de Suso apareció en el curso de excavaciones arqueológicas tras haber documentado unas tenerías de época posterior. En el baño de Yuso se han conservado tres salas abovedadas de medio cañón. Además, en la sala del poniente, identificada como sala caliente, está un arco de herradura, un ábside, y la traza de un arco geminado. El contacto entre la caldera y la sala caliente se ha conservado bajo la forma de un arco de medio punto. En el baño de Suso se han conservado el hipocausto y las toberas. Estos dos baños tienen muchas similitudes. Nos revelan, por primera vez en Toledo, el modo de calefacción de la sala caliente. Hasta el momento, no son conocidos en los documentos medievales.
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