Trichoderma species are filamentous fungi that support plant health and confer improved growth, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. The objective of this study is to describe the physiological characteristics of the abundance and structure of Trichoderma model strains from arid zones and evaluate and describe their possible adaptation and modulation in alkaline pH. The presence of biotic factors such as phytopathogens forces farmers to take more actions such as using pesticides. In addition, factors such as the lack of water worldwide lead to losses in agricultural production. Therefore, the search for biocontrol microorganisms that support drought opens the door to the search for variations in the molecular mechanisms involved in these phenomena. In our case, we isolated 11 tested Trichoderma fungal strains from samples collected both from the rhizosphere and roots from two endemic plants. We probed their molecular markers to obtain their identity and assessed their resistance to alkaline conditions, as well as their response to mycoparasitism, plant growth promotion, and drought stress. The findings were worthy of being analyzed in depth. Three fungal taxa/species were grouped by phylogenetic/phenotypic characteristics; three T. harzianum strains showed outstanding capabilities to adapt to alkalinity stress. They also showed antagonistic activity against three phytopathogenic fungi. Additionally, we provided evidence of significant growth promotion in Sorghum bicolor seedlings under endemic agriculture conditions and a reduction in drought damage with Trichoderma infection. Finally, beneficial fungi adapted to specific ambient niches use various molecular mechanisms to survive and modulate their metabolism.
El municipio de Nuevo Ideal es una de las regiones más importantes para la producción de manzana en el estado de Durango, México. Existen árboles dispersos de Malus domestica de huertos extintos que fueron parte de un sistema de producción y que hoy están abandonados sin manejo agronómico, pero que han mostrado una adaptabilidad eficiente a las condiciones y continúan produciendo fruto de buena calidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue desarrollar un protocolo de propagación in vitro de M. domestica utilizando semillas de árboles asilvestrados de esta región. Se evaluó la germinación y producción de brotes adventicios usando medios de cultivo murashige & skoog (MS) y woody plant medium (WPM) complementados con fitohormonas 6-Bencilaminopurina (BAP) y ácido indol butírico (IBA) en diferentes dosis. Para el enraizamiento se utilizó también ácido indol acético (AIA), ácido naftalenacético (ANA) y kinetina (KIN) en combinación con las anteriores. La germinación y formación de brotes obtuvo mejor resultado con la concentración de 0.5 mg L-1 de BAP en el medio MS a los 60 días. En el desarrollo foliar destacó el tratamiento con 1.5 mg L-1 BAP en medio MS con 21.07 hojas en promedio. Las plantas de todos los tratamientos presentaron raíz, sin embargo, el mejor desarrollo lo presentó el tratamiento con 1.5 mg L-1 de ANA y 0.15 mg L-1 de BAP en medio WPM. Mediante el protocolo generado en esta investigación, es posible propagar masivamente la especie M. domestica con propósitos de conservación de germoplasma y posterior explotación del cultivo.
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