Objective There is a relative lack of information about infections occurring in children following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (allo‐HSCT) in developing countries. Herein, we describe the incidence rates of different infections according to the transplant period and baseline condition in Colombia. Methods In a retrospective cohort study of all children who underwent allo‐HSCTs from 2012 to 2017 in a hospital in Cali, Colombia, we reviewed medical records from the first post‐transplant day until day + 365 to describe microbiologically confirmed incidence rates of infections and deaths during three post‐transplant periods and according to baseline condition. Results Most allo‐HSCT (n = 144, 96%) were followed by infections over the following year, mostly due to bacteria and cytomegalovirus (4.3 and 3.3 per 1000 patient‐days, respectively). Children were at the highest risk for infection in the first 30 days post‐HSTC, but mortality was highest after 100 days. Overall, high mortality (n = 44, 31.7%) was associated with infections, especially from extensively drug‐resistant bacteria, adenovirus, and aspergillosis. Infection rates were similar independent of the baseline condition. Conclusion Almost all children in this cohort developed infections post allo‐HSCT. Describing the distribution of infections throughout the first post allo‐HSCT year allows clinicians to narrow the differential diagnosis of infections according to the post‐transplant period. This is especially useful when prioritizing interventions in children receiving HSCT in stringent healthcare systems in developing countries.

2 US trials included in the meta-analysis did not demonstrate significant benefit from primary adjunctive steroids.The second issue is the interpretation regarding the optimal timing of corticosteroid therapy. It is intuitive that if steroids are broadly efficacious, earlier treatment is likely to be better, but no studies have specifically addressed this question in a trial setting. Rather, the conclusion was drawn from a comparison of outcomes between primary adjunctive therapy in selected patients with KD and patients receiving rescue corticosteroids (with or without further IVIG) after primary IVIG had failed. These patient subpopulations may differ, so direct comparison between these groups is problematic, as is attributing differences in outcome solely to the timing of corticosteroids.There is sound biologic rationale for the use of adjunctive steroids in KD, as in other vasculitides, but we suggest that the interpretation regarding putative benefit and timing of corticosteroids in KD should be more nuanced. It seems premature to extrapolate these conclusions to other populations, which is how the Abstract and conclusions may be interpreted. Further prospective trials of primary adjunctive corticosteroids and specific anti-inflammatory treatments in non-Japanese populations are warranted, together with development of risk scores, which may inform therapeutic choices in all patients with KD.

RESUMEN Métodos Estudio observacional analítico del registro de trauma de dos hospitales de Cali, Colombia, entre enero y diciembre de 2012. Se incluyeron sujetos de 14 años o más, con lesiones de causa externa violenta, accidental, autoinflingida o por tránsito. Se excluyeron embarazadas, reclusos o personas con lesiones por agentes químicos, ambientales, o tóxicos. Se efectuó un análisis univariado y multivariado de variables asociadas con la probabilidad de reporte positivo de alcohol. Resultados Se incluyeron 10290 pacientes, 63.4% hombres. El trauma contuso fue más frecuente (59%), seguido por tránsito (12%), arma blanca (16%) y arma de fuego (9%). El reporte de ingesta alcoholica fue mas frecuente en hombres (OR 6.88 I.C. 95% 3.17–4.9), lesionados durante la madrugada, (OR: 7.54 IC 95% 6.43–8.84) pacientes no asegurados, (OR 3.31, IC 95% 2.69–4.08), individuos entre 20 y 44 anos (OR 1.61 IC 95% 1.39–1.85), pacientes con ISS ≥9, (OR 2.58, IC 95% 2.18–3.05), lesiones por transito o mecanismos penetrantes (OR 4.46, IC 95% 3.86–516), lesiones no relacionadas con el trabajo 23.68 (16.1–34.8) y atencion en el hospital publico 12.66 (10.46–15.32). Las asociaciones con la falta de aseguramiento y con ISS ≥9 desaparecieron en la RLM. Conclusiones Encontramos una prevalencia mayor de consumo de alcohol en los lesionados en la madrugada, hombres, adultos de edad media, víctimas de trauma por tránsito o penetrante, lesiones no relacionadas con el trabajo y atención en el hospital público. How to cite this article Calle J, Sánchez Á, García A, Morales M. Prevalencia del Consumo de Alcohol en Traumatizados Atendidos Cali, Colombia. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2015;4(2):77-86.