Abstract

Background: Pancreatitis is associated with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in 1.5-7% of cases. The relationship of cause and effect between the two diseases has been debated. Methods: To evaluate this relationship, the clinical, biochemical and pathological data on 1435 patients operated on for hyperparathyroidism (HPT) over the past 30 years were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 1224 of these patients had biologically proven and cured PHPT and 21 1 patients had renal HPT (RHPT). The diagnosis of pancreatitis (PTS) was based on a high serum amylase level andor abnormalities on ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan explorations. Only patients without biliary stones were included in the PTS group associated with HPT. Results: A total of 3.2% (n = 40) of patients with PHPT had PTS, which was acute in 18 cases, subacute in 8 cases and chronic in 14 cases. This rate of PTS is higher than in a random hospital population. Surgical cure of HPT was followed by the spontaneous healing of 17/18 acute PTS, whereas six of the 22 patients with subacute or chronic PTS developed complications due to the evolution of their disease (diabetes, pancreatic duct stenosis treated by surgery). A single diseased gland was found in 27 patients with PTS, which is in favour of primary parathyroid disease, being responsible for, and not a consequence of, PTS. Only the serum calcium (13.0 vs 12.1 g/dL) level was significantly increased in PHPT patients with PTS, when compared to those without PTS. The calcium level is probably of major importance in the development of PTS, which was never encountered in 21 I patients with RHPT, who had low calcium and high PTH levels. Conclusions: The data suggest that (i) the PTS-PHPT association is not incidental; (ii) PTS is the consequence and not the cause of PHPT; (iii) hypercalcaemia seems to be a major factor in the development of PTS in PHPT patients; and (iv) cure of PHPT leads to the healing of acute PTS, whereas it does not affect the evolution of subacute and chronic PTS.

Dentro dos Estudos de Linha de Base do Proesf, a partir de uma extensa análise de dados secundários e entrevistas com os principais atores do sistema de saúde municipal, identificaram-se modelos de atenção básica e graus de efetividade, eficácia, sustentabilidade e governabilidade dos sistemas municipais de saúde e de atenção básica dos municípios paulistas com mais de 100 mil habitantes. O artigo apresenta e discute ainda os principais obstáculos externos e internos (setoriais) enfrentados para a estruturação da Atenção Básica nesses municípios. Os obstáculos externos são decorrentes do perfil de urbanização e de velhos e novos problemas sociais expressos em situações de extrema desigualdade inter e intramunicipais, sabendo-se que o seu enfrentamento depende de uma série de políticas públicas intersetoriais, principalmente, no campo social e do trabalho. Já os obstáculos internos ou setoriais são decorrentes da forma como se distribuem os serviços e as tecnologias em saúde e do padrão de organização dos serviços, cuja solução depende de políticas de saúde específicas voltadas principalmente para a problemática das regiões metropolitanas e para maior eficácia e sustentabilidade dos sistemas municipais e de atenção básica.

OBJECTIVETo analyze vaccination coverage and factors associated with a complete immunization scheme in children < 5 years old.METHODSThis cross-sectional household census survey evaluated 1,209 children < 5 years old living in Bom Jesus, Angola, in 2010. Data were obtained from interviews, questionnaires, child immunization histories, and maternal health histories. The statistical analysis used generalized linear models, in which the dependent variable followed a binary distribution (vaccinated, unvaccinated) and the association function was logarithmic and had the children’s individual, familial, and socioeconomic factors as independent variables.RESULTSVaccination coverage was 37.0%, higher in children < 1 year (55.0%) and heterogeneous across neighborhoods; 52.0% of children of both sexes had no immunization records. The prevalence rate of vaccination significantly varied according to child age, mother’s level of education, family size, ownership of household appliances, and destination of domestic waste.CONCLUSIONSVulnerable groups with vaccination coverage below recommended levels continue to be present. Some factors indicate inequalities that represent barriers to full immunization, indicating the need to implement more equitable policies. The knowledge of these factors contributes to planning immunization promotion measures that focus on the most vulnerable groups.