Chagas disease (CD) is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases in the American continent. Host-derived nitroxidative stress in response to Trypanosoma cruzi infection can induce tissue damage contributing to the progression of Chagas disease. Antioxidant supplementation has been suggested as adjuvant therapy to current treatment. In this article, we synthesize and discuss the current evidence regarding the use of antioxidants as adjunctive compounds to fight harmful reactive oxygen species and lower the tissue oxidative damage during progression of chronic Chagas disease. Several antioxidants evaluated in recent studies have shown potential benefits for the control of oxidative stress in the host’s tissues. Melatonin, resveratrol, the combination of vitamin C/vitamin E (vitC/vitE) or curcumin/benznidazole, and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants seem to be beneficial in reducing plasma and cardiac levels of lipid peroxidation products. Nevertheless, further research is needed to validate beneficial effects of antioxidant therapies in Chagas disease.
Systematic reviews and evidence-based recommendations are becoming increasingly important for decision-making in health and medicine. Systematic reviews of population-health interventions are challenging and methods will continue evolving. This paper provides an overview of how evidence-based approaches in public health and health promotion are being reviewed to provide a basis for Colombian Guide to Health Promotion, analysing limitations and recommendations for future reviews.
Introducción. A pesar de los avances en la vacunación, la infección bacteriana grave en menores de dos años con fiebre sin foco sigue siendo un motivo de preocupación para médicos y padres. Por ello, resulta relevante contar con información sobre el costo-efectividad de su diagnóstico para la adopción de las decisiones pertinentes. Objetivo. Evaluar el costo-efectividad de cuatro estrategias para la detección en Argentina de la infección bacteriana grave en lactantes con fiebre sin foco. Materiales y métodos. En una cohorte hipotética de 10.000 pacientes se evaluó mediante la técnica del árbol de decisiones la costo-efectividad de cuatro estrategias para la detección de la infección bacteriana grave: criterios de Rochester más prueba de proteína C reactiva, criterios de Rochester más prueba de procalcitonina, criterios de Rochester y conducta expectante. Resultados. La estrategia de aplicación de los criterios de Rochester más la prueba de proteína C reactiva resultó ser la más costo-efectiva, con una razón de costo-efectividad de USD$ 784 por caso correctamente diagnosticado frente a USD$ 839 para los criterios de Rochester más la prueba de procalcitonina, USD$ 1.116 para la conducta expectante y USD$ 1.193 para los criterios de Rochester. En el análisis de sensibilidad se determinó que, ante una probabilidad de infección bacteriana grave igual o menor de 14 %, la estrategia de elección era la conducta expectante. Conclusiones. La utilización combinada de los criterios de Rochester más la prueba de la proteína C reactiva constituyó la estrategia más costo-efectiva para la detección de la infección bacteriana grave en lactantes de uno a tres meses con fiebre sin foco. Sin embargo, en casos de bajo riesgo de dicha infección, la conducta expectante constituyó la estrategia de elección.Palabras clave: infecciones bacterianas/diagnóstico, fiebre, lactante, análisis costo-beneficio. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v36i3.2718 Cost-effectiveness of diagnostic strategies of severe bacterial infection in infants with fever without a sourceIntroduction: Serious bacterial infections in infants under 2-years-of-age with fever without a source remains, despite advances in vaccination, a matter of concern for both physicians and parents. Having cost-effectiveness information is relevant to guide decision making in clinical practice in this scenario. Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of four different strategies of screening in Argentina for serious bacterial infection in children presenting with fever without a source. Materials and methods:We designed a decision tree to model a hypothetical cohort of 10,000 children with fever without a source. We compared the incremental cost-effectiveness of four strategies to detect serious bacterial infection: Rochester criteria + C reactive protein test, Rochester criteria + procalcitonin test, Rochester criteria, and expectant observation. Results: Rochester criteria + C reactive protein test was the most cost-effective strategy with USD$ 784 for each correctly di...
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