No abstract

General colonization concepts consent that a slow process of microhabitat formation and subsequent niche realization occurs during early stages after new habitat is released. Subsequently, only few species are able to colonize new habitat in the early onset of succession, while species richness increases steadily over time. Although most colonization studies have been performed in terrestrial ecosystems, running water ecosystems are equally or even more prone to colonization after disturbance due to their dynamic nature. We question how invertebrate succession patterns reconcile with general colonization concepts. With this study we provide insight into the colonization process in newly created lowland stream trajectories and answer how within-stream bio- and functional diversity develops over time. Our results show a rapid influx of species, with a wide range of functional traits, during the first season after water flow commenced. During more than two years of regular monitoring, immigration rates were highest in autumn, marking the effects of seasonality on invertebrate dispersal. Biodiversity increased while abundance peaks of species alternated between seasons. Moreover, also days since start of the experiment explains a considerable part of the variability for taxa as well as traits. However, the relative trait composition remained similar throughout the entire monitoring period and only few specific traits had significantly higher proportions during specific seasons. This indicates that first phase colonization in freshwater streams can be a very rapid process that results in a high biodiversity and a large variety of species functional characteristics from the early onset of succession, contradicting general terrestrial colonization theory.

No abstract

Patches of coarse particulate organic matter in lowland streams are inhabited by many different macroinvertebrate species, yet knowledge of interactions among the members of these assemblages is scarce. In a mesocosm experiment we aimed to determine the effect of interspecific interactions on species survival and fitness of two caddisfly species. It was hypothesized that, as a result of positive interactions, mixed species populations would yield higher survival and fitness than single species populations. Larvae of two caddisfly species, Micropterna sequax and Potamophylax rotundipennis, were reared in single species and mixed species populations. Emergence rate was recorded and adult fitness was measured in terms of wingspan and biomass. We found that in mixed populations, emergence rate, wing length and biomass of M. sequax were higher than in single species populations. P. rotundipennis was only significantly, yet negatively, affected in terms of biomass of the male individuals. This study showed that occurring together with other species holds advantages for M. sequax, and emphasizes the importance of species diversity in streams. Furthermore, the observed positive effects on survival and fecundity might influence population sizes of the interacting species, in turn affecting macroinvertebrate-mediated ecosystem processes such as leaf litter decomposition.