Abstract. The Sub-millimetre and Millimetre Radiometer (SMR) is the main instrument on the Swedish, Canadian, Finnish and French spacecraft Odin. It consists of a 1.1 metre diameter telescope with four tuneable heterodyne receivers covering the ranges 486−504 GHz and 541−581 GHz, and one fixed at 118.75 GHz together with backends that provide spectral resolution from 150 kHz to 1 MHz. This Letter describes the Odin radiometer, its operation and performance with the data processing and calibration described in Paper II.

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Holograms-diffractive elements-are designed and fabricated for shaping millimetre-wave radio fields. Methods for the synthesis of hologram elements are discussed and several beam shapes are tested: plane waves, radio-wave vortices and Bessel beams. Here we present an overview of the methods applied and results obtained with quasi-optical hologram techniques using both amplitude and phase holograms.

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