Measurement of exhaled NO as VNO, which was associated with lung dysfunction, may be an indicator of lung injury in adult patients after cardiopulmonary bypass.

Halothane, enflurane and isoflurane, but not sevoflurane, regulate pulmonary vascular tension through K(V) and/or K(Ca) channels in isolated rabbit lungs.

The chemiluminescent emission reaction dependence on the activity of phagocytosis is well known. However, this method is not used to diagnostically in clinical assessment because the relationship between phagocytizing activity and chemiluminescent intensity has not been clearly established. Therefore, we attempted to analyze quantitatively the chemiluminescent emission curve by the phagocytosis of leukocytes. Mathematical assessment of the emission curve with respect to time was performed by fitting the curve to several regression models using the unweighed non-linear least squares method. A triple logarithmic normal distribution model provided a reasonable goodness of fit to the measured emission curve. The first component, about 5% of the calculated total counts, was assumed to arise from monocytes activity, the second component, about 20% from eosinocytes activity and the third component, up to 75%, from neutrophils activity. This method seems promising as a means for assaying whole blood without the need for pretreatment and for the providing a valid index that is independent of the technical differences between laboratories.

with saline before insertion. Anesthesia was induced by 3.0%-5.0% sevoflurane with 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Before insertion of the LMA, anesthesia was maintained with 3.0% end-tidal sevoflurane concentration in oxygen for 5 min. No muscle relaxants were used. Another anesthesiologist assisted the performer to open the patient's mouth by pulling down the jaw. The standard insertion technique was described by Brain [4]. The LMA was inserted with the cuff fully deflated and against the palate; then the cuff was inflated after insertion. In the modified insertion technique, a two-thirds inflated LMA (2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 ml for size 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 masks, respectively) was inserted with its lumen facing laterally left. While rotated clockwise 90°, it was passed downward into position behind the larynx. Then the cuff was completely inflated (Fig. 1).Successful insertion was clinically judged for whether (1) manual ventilation with the bag was easy and the chest wall movement was smooth, and (2) ventilation at a positive inspiratory pressure of approximately 10 cmH 2 O was possible without an air leak. The number of attempts on LMA insertion and the time to achieve satisfactory airway were recorded. Vital signs including blood pressure, heart rate, and pulse oximeter reading were recorded before and after insertion of the LMA. If three trials with the assigned procedure failed, the next trial with the opposite technique was applied only once. In case of unsuccessful LMA insertion, tracheal intubation was performed. After successful insertion, the position of the LMA was confirmed and classified by a fiberoptic laryngoscope (class 1, only glottis seen; class 2, epiglottis and glottis seen; class 3, epiglottis downfolded, glottis not seen; class 4, others). On removal of the LMA at the end of surgery, the attachment of blood clots to the surface of the LMA was noted. An observer blinded to the insertion technique assessed these data.

Prognosis of the inpatients with successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the university hospital