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Beliefs and goals in parenting are influenced by the expectations of society or local culture. Therefore, the measurement of parenting should be developed from a contextual perspective. The development of the measurement conducted inductively which started with the phase of indigenous concept exploration. The participants are parents living in a particular area, having a local ethnic identity, using local language and customs in their daily lives. The method of data collection is an interview or focus group discussion (FGD), with questions that refer to the parenting element according to Darling & Steinberg. Two alternative data analysis can be done; to obtain the construct at the level of parenting practice or construct at the level of parenting style. The construct then is developed into an instrument by following the scale development guidelines in which includes item writing, content validation, scale administration, and psychometric evaluation.

Konsep pengasuhan tidak dapat lepas dari konteks budaya setempat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen pengukuran pengasuhan untuk populasi keluarga Jawa. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain exploratory sequential mix method. Diawali dengan tahap eksplorasi konstruk pengasuhan dan dilanjutkan dengan tahap pengujian model pengukuran. Tahap eksplorasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan diskusi kelompok terarah (FGD) dengan melibatkan 50 ibu dan wawancara terhadap 19 orang tua bersuku Jawa yang tinggal di Yogyakarta. Tahap eksplorasi konstruk menghasilkan konsep pengasuhan yang dilandasi tujuh nilai budaya Jawa, yaitu nilai hormat, rukun, kendali perilaku, nrimo (sikap menerima), disiplin, jujur dan tresno (cinta). Konstruk kemudian digeneralisasikan ke dalam butir-butir pernyataan yang dapat dipahami oleh anak-anak. Tahap pengujian model pengukuran melibatkan siswa kelas 5 SD sebanyak 334 anak untuk uji coba pertama dan 175 anak untuk uji coba kedua. Hasil pengujian model pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa konstruk pengasuhan berbasis nilai Jawa dapat dinyatakan valid (dengan RMESA=0,063 dan SRMR=0,068) dan reliabel (Cronbach's alpha = 0,925). Hasil tersebut menunjukkan relevansi nilai-nilai budaya setempat dalam pengembangan pengukuran pengasuhan.

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