The use of Twitter as a tool for mobilisation has made digital social and political activism a growing area of interest in communication research. Scholars have underscored the effectiveness of Twitter in galvanising the opinion of broad sectors of the public and expressing the indignation of average citizens on issues of social concern (Bruns et al., 2015; Martínez, 2017). The rise of feminist social media activism has prompted a number of studies on the feminist movement's use of hashtags to foster online conversations on specific issues (Jinsook, 2017; Turley & Fisher, 2018; etc.). This article examines the correlation between the degree of ideological commitment amongst social media users and the nature of their Twitter conversations on a given issue. The analysis focuses on Twitter conversations generated by feminists, influencers, journalists and politicians in reaction to the controversial sentencing of the Wolf Pack (La Manada)-a gang of men involved in a sexual assault perpetrated during the San Fermín festival in Pamplona. Big data techniques were used to explore the nature of messages containing four highly charged hashtags central to feminist discourse on this issue: #YoSiTeCreo (Yes, I believe you), #HermanaYoSíTeCreo (Yes, sister, I believe you), #Cuéntalo (Talk about it) and #NoEstásSola (You are not alone). Our findings indicate that the levels of ideological commitment of Twitter users participating in what was essentially a feminist conversation varied to an extent that impeded serious interaction amongst them, either online or offline. From the perspective of communication strategy, feminist hashtag activism would appear to be an intermediate step in a longer process of creating a higher consciousness regarding gender equality issues in Spain.

Este artículo examina la difusión de una desinformación publicada por el diario digital El Confidencial en un contexto políticamente polarizado y analiza su comportamiento en la

Influencia del género en los debates electorales en España: análisis de la audiencia social en #ElDebateDecisivo y #L6NeldebateInfluence of gender in electoral debates in Spain: Analysis of the social audience in #ElDebateDecisivo and #L6NeldebateJulen Orbegozo-Terradillos; Ainara Larrondo-Ureta; Jordi Morales-i-Gras

Internet social media is a key space in which the memorial resources of social movements, including the stories and knowledge of previous generations, are organised, disseminated, and reinterpreted. This is especially important for movements such as feminism, which places great emphasis on the transmission of an intangible cultural legacy between its different generations or waves, which are conformed through these cultural transmissions. In this sense, several authors have highlighted the importance of social media and hashtivism in shaping the fourth wave of feminism that has been taking place in recent years (e.g., #metoo). The aim of this article is to present to the scientific community a hybrid methodological proposal for the network and content analysis of audiences and their interactions on Twitter: we will do so by describing and evaluating the results of different research we have carried out in the field of feminist hashtivism. Structural analysis methods such as social network analysis have demonstrated their capacity to be applied to the analysis of social media interactions as a mixed methodology, that is, both quantitative and qualitative. This article shows the potential of a specific methodological process that combines inductive and inferential reasoning with hypothetico-deductive approaches. By applying the methodology developed in the case studies included in the article, it is shown that these two modes of reasoning work best when they are used together.

El presente artículo de investigación analiza el papel que otorgan a la televisión los equipos de comunicación encargados de diseñar una campaña electoral en Euskadi. La metodología consiste en el estudio de caso, tomando como punto de partida las investigaciones realizadas sobre la campaña de las elecciones municipales y forales celebradas en Euskadi en 2003 y el análisis del contexto actual mediante encuestas y entrevistas en profundidad a las personas encargadas de diseñar las campañas electorales. En el 2003 –fecha tomada como referencia de partida para el cotejo de continuidades y cambios comunicativos–, los dos grandes partidos estatales llevaban por primera vez sus cámaras a los mítines para enviar su propia señal gratuita a los canales de televisión, estrategia que adoptaron el resto de partidos en las siguientes consultas. En 2003 se detectaron tres tendencias generales en el uso de la televisión por parte de los partidos en los procesos electorales: la potencialidad de controlar la imagen y el discurso político proyectado, su importante rol para la personalización de las personas candidatas y la determinante influencia de la televisión como medio de comunicación prioritario en el diseño de la campaña. Tras los resultados obtenidos, concluimos que el papel de la televisión sigue siendo prioritario y fundamental en el diseño de las campañas electorales durante el periodo 2003-2019 en Euskadi.