To determine whether interactive-videodisc lessons can effectively replace some of the labor-intensive laboratories in human gross anatomy, pre-nursing and allied-medical-professions undergraduates at The Ohio State University were randomly assigned to either a traditional cadaver-demonstration lab or an interactive-videodisc computer lab covering the same material. In a one-unit pilot study in the autumn quarter of 1989 (involving 190 students) and a full-quarter course in the spring quarter of 1991 (283 students), the performances of the computer-lab students were not significantly different from those of the students in the traditional cadaver-demonstration-lab groups.

Human fetal alcohol syndrome characteristics have been seen in the mouse fetus by several investigators who dosed the dam with only one or two doses of alcohol. The purpose of this study was to determine if the fetal effects of acute doses of alcohol (ethanol) are altered by aspirin. CD-1 mice were given two IP doses of a 25% v/v solution of 95% ethanol/saline (2.5 hours apart) and intubated with 250 mg/kg aspirin. The treatment regimen, begun at 8 days, 4 hours gestation, consisted of either aspirin pretreatment 1 hour before or posttreatment 1 hour after the ethanol. Control animals were treated similarly and included vehicle only, ethanol/vehicle, and aspirin/vehicle groups. One group was untreated. On gestational day 18, the dams were killed and the uterine horns were examined for live, dead, and resorbed fetuses. The live were weighed and examined for external malformations and either skeletal or visceral abnormalities. With the litter as the unit of analysis, no significant difference was found in the number of dead and resorbed among groups. There was a significant difference (P less than .01) in average fetal weight in the aspirin-pretreated group. When the total number of fetuses affected was considered, the aspirin pretreatment group showed significantly (P less than .05) more external and visceral malformations. The skeletal examination revealed a significant (P less than .05) difference in anomalies plus delayed ossification in both groups treated with the aspirin/ethanol combination. No significant differences were seen in any category in the groups receiving aspirin alone or ethanol alone. These results indicate an additive effect of aspirin and ethanol on the developing CD-1 mouse fetus.

This paper examines the role of proprietary software in the production of open educational resources (OER). Using a single case study, the paper explores the implications of removing proprietary software from an OER project, with the aim of examining how complicated such a process is and whether removing such software meaningfully advances a critical approach to OER. The analysis reveals that software from the Big Five technology companies (Apple, Alphabet/Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft) are deeply embedded in OER production and distribution, and that complete elimination of software or services from these companies is not feasible. The paper concludes by positing that simply rejecting Big Five technology introduces too many challenges to be justified on a pragmatic basis; however, it encourages OER creators to remain critical in their use of technology and continue to try to advance a critical approach to OER.

or Résumé: The proposed paper explores challenges associated with the creation of open educational resources (OER) for Canadian copyright education. Tensions include modeling best practices for open content licensing in copyright-related material, balancing narrative engagement with precise information on a complex subject, creating content for multiple audiences, and the use of open tools for the creation of accessible, adaptable materials. This case study outlines tactics for addressing these tensions, such as balancing a commitment to openness with a focus on engagement, discovery of easy-to-use multimedia tools for adding interactivity, and embracing perspectives outside legal and academic experts during content creation.