Die „App auf Rezept“ ist Realität! Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA) sind in Deutschland zum integralen Bestandteil der gesetzlichen Gesundheitsversorgung geworden. Damit ist ein zentrales Projekt im Rahmen der digitalen Transformation der Medizin in die Umsetzungsphase vorgedrungen. Diese mutige systemische Ergänzung eröffnet Chancen, die jetzt genutzt werden können. Hier leistet das vorliegende Buch seinen Beitrag. Verfasst vom DiGA-Expertenteam des health innovation hub (hih), handelt es sich um eine schlanke Anleitung für die Entwicklung und Verbreitung Digitaler Gesundheitsanwendungen – von Konzept über Zulassung bis zum erfolgreichen digitalen Produkt. Konzipiert für DiGA-EntwicklerInnen aus Start-ups sowie für bereits etablierte Unternehmen, werden die notwendigen Schritte von der Idee bis zur erfolgreichen Markteinführung beschrieben. Didaktisch klar strukturiert, vermittelt das DiGA VADEMECUM auch wertvolle Einblicke für Finanzierungspartner der EntwicklerInnen aus dem Venture Capital und aus Private-Equity-Bereichen sowie für mögliche Vertriebspartner aus der Pharma- und Medizintechnikbranche. Letztlich ist das DiGA VADEMECUM auch wertvoll für ÄrztInnen und TherapeutInnen, die nicht nur lernen wollen, DiGA sinnvoll zu verschreiben, sondern auch, mit deren digitalem Output im Interesse einer besseren Gesundheitsversorgung ihrer PatientInnen umzugehen. Das DiGA VADEMECUM – Ein Muss für alle DigitalisiererInnen der Gesundheitsversorgung!
Digital health products and services have started to fundamentally change healthcare and prevention. Products intended for a medical use require CE-marking and potentially certification (ISO 13485) of the company. Startups play an important role in the development of new digital products and services. Two startups share their experience with these processes. Becoming a part of standard care and hence being reimbursed is a challenge for startups. For this reason, startups pursue alternative sources of income, too. The statutory health insurance's procedures for assessing new products and services are perceived as long. Startups are required to provide evidence of the benefit of their product at an early stage in the procedure. This requires time-consuming and costly studies. Startups would therefore appreciate support in generating this evidence, e. g. through adequate procedures for testing.
BackgroundBased on given legislation the German approach to digital health applications (DiGA) allows reimbursed prescription of approved therapeutic software products since October 2020. For the first time, we evaluated DiGA-related acceptance, usage, and level of knowledge among members of the German Society for Rheumatology (DGRh) 1 year after its legal implementation.Materials and methodsAn anonymous cross-sectional online survey, initially designed by the health innovation hub (think tank and sparring partner of the German Federal Ministry of Health) and the German Pain Society was adapted to the field of rheumatology. The survey was promoted by DGRh newsletters and Twitter-posts. Ethical approval was obtained.ResultsIn total, 75 valid response-sets. 80% reported to care ≥ 70% of their working time for patients with rheumatic diseases. Most were working in outpatient clinics/offices (54%) and older than 40 years (84%). Gender distribution was balanced (50%). 70% knew the possibility to prescribe DiGA. Most were informed of this for the first time via trade press (63%), and only 8% via the scientific/professional society. 46% expect information on DiGA from the scientific societies/medical chambers (35%) but rarely from the manufacturer (10%) and the responsible ministry (4%). Respondents would like to be informed about DiGA via continuing education events (face-to-face 76%, online 84%), trade press (86%), and manufacturers′ test-accounts (64%). Only 7% have already prescribed a DiGA, 46% planned to do so, and 47% did not intend DiGA prescriptions. Relevant aspects for prescription are provided. 86% believe that using DiGA/medical apps would at least partially be feasible and understandable to their patients. 83% thought that data collected by the patients using DiGA or other digital solutions could at least partially influence health care positively. 51% appreciated to get DiGA data directly into their patient documentation system/electronic health record (EHR) and 29% into patient-owned EHR.ConclusionDigital health applications awareness was high whereas prescription rate was low. Mostly, physician-desired aspects for DiGA prescriptions were proven efficacy and efficiency for physicians and patients, risk of adverse effects and health care costs were less important. Evaluation of patients’ barriers and needs is warranted. Our results might contribute to the implementation and dissemination of DiGA.
ZusammenfassungAufgrund der schnell voranschreitenden Digitalisierung wird sich auch die Gesundheitsversorgung in den nächsten Jahren stark verändern. In Deutschland wurden durch neue gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen bereits die Weichen z. B. für die elektronische Patientenakte (ePA), das E‑Rezept und die Einbindung digitaler Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA) gestellt. Das neue Fast-Track-Verfahren des Bundesinstituts für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM) zur Bewertung der Erstattungsfähigkeit von DiGA ist ein wichtiger Schritt, dem in den nächsten Jahren weitere folgen werden.Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt anhand eine Zukunftsszenarios für das Jahr 2030, welche gesetzlichen, technischen und alltagspraktischen Veränderungen sich bis dahin ergeben haben könnten. Im Jahr 2030 könnte die Gesundheitsversorgung in individualisiert-integrierten Behandlungspfaden organisiert sein, die den Versicherten umfassende Begleitung bieten. Interoperable digitale Komponenten könnten strukturierte Daten z. B. für Forschungszwecke zur Verfügung stellen. Datenschutzangst könnte der Vergangenheit angehören, wenn das Datenschutzrecht reformiert und harmonisiert wird sowie neue Einwilligungsverfahren für PatientInnen entwickelt werden. Neue Berufsfelder könnten sich etablieren und der Marktzugang für innovative digitale Medizinprodukte weiter verbessert werden.Ein weiterer wichtiger Aspekt, der dazu beitragen kann, das Potenzial der digitalen Gesundheitsversorgung auszuschöpfen, ist die Schaffung eines europäischen Datenraums auf Basis einer technischen Infrastruktur, die hohe ethische und soziale Standards wahrt. Aktive Maßnahmen seitens der Gesetzgeber können die notwendigen Voraussetzungen dafür schaffen, dass Innovationen zugunsten der PatientInnen Eingang in das System finden und das deutsche Gesundheitssystem dem fortschreitenden medizintechnischen Wandel gerecht wird.
As is the case in other sectors, innovative digital products have started to enter the health market, too. If digital products like apps are considered medical devices, startups are often confronted with regulatory procedures that they deem to be slow and with which they are not familiar. This applies to both the certification procedures and the requirements and procedures for reimbursement, where problems could occur. The aim of this article is to better understand the startups' experience in navigating through these procedures, the hurdles they encounter, and their need for support. Therefore, the digital association Bitkom e. V. and the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM) conducted a web-based survey on five themes with a total of 23 questions. These questions focused inter alia on the composition of the team, product planning, familiarity with regulatory requirements, experience with institutions and different sources of information, the assessment of challenges in the process, and the resulting need for support.The analysis on the basis of 18 complete replies has shown that startups work on products with documentation and communications functions, but also integrate diagnostic and therapeutic features. The latter are characteristics of medical devices. Startups consider themselves to be relatively familiar with regulatory requirements regarding medical devices. The largest hurdles are associated with reimbursement: long and costly processes until the startups' products could be reimbursed.Both with regard to reimbursement and certification, startups see a need for low-threshold, cost-efficient advisory services and a simplification and acceleration of existing procedures with regard to medical devices.
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