The opportunity of decreasing the development of biofilm on the implant surface is one of the biggest research problems. It is connected with the existing prevention of microorganism hyperplasia. The application of numerous modifications is concerned with surface treatments leading to minimizing bacterial colonization. In the case of non-use antibacterial therapy, this leads to tissue infection. It can lead to a decreased opportunity to fight infection using antibiotherapy. One way is to decrease the increasing biofilm application which requires a method of modification. These techniques ensure properties like homogeneity or repeatability. The structure and chemical composition are changed with methods like CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition), sol–gel, or ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition). Antibacterial properties of metals are connected with their impact on proteins and the nuclear proliferation of fibroblasts, causing improvement in biocompatibility and also growth corrosion resistance, and the decline of biofilm adhesion. The prevention of biofilm with medicines and antibiotics is a crowded-out treatment. Traditional methods of preventing biofilm are based on compounds that kill or inhibit the growth of the microbes but at the same time lead to frequent development of resistance to antibiotics. This review summarizes the current knowledge of reducing and preventing the creation of biofilm.

This paper aimed to investigate the physical properties of SnO2 coatings deposited by atomic layer deposition on 316LVM stainless steel for biomedical applications. New assessment strategies for tin oxide functional materials are of fundamental importance in the development of new surface of biomaterials. Thin films of SnO2 have good substrate adhesion and could be deposited even on clean glass substrate. Tin oxide (SnO2) has a similar crystal structure like TiO2. It is believed that SnO2 can have a similar effect on TiO2 by inducing the formation of a calcium phosphate layer. Additionally, tin dioxide with nanocrystalline impurities has been reported to exist antibacterial activity. As part of the work, the SnO2 layer was deposited by using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. The application process was carried out for a different number of cycles. In the first stage study of abrasion resistance and coating adhesion to the substrate were carried out. The surface topography was examinated using atomic force microscope (AFM) and wettability test were also complemented. Obtained results may form the basis for the development of more detailed criteria for the assessment of the final quality of medical devices used in the skeletal system, which will ensure the required biocompatibility of implants and contribute to minimizing the risk of postoperative complications.

Various types of metal implants, both in Poland and worldwide, are mainly manufactured from stainlesssteel due to their biocompatibility, strength, and relatively low price. However, any such procedure involvesthe risk of peri-implant infection, stimulated, among other things, by the formation of a bacterial biofilmon the surface of the implant. In this paper, several methods of modifying the surface of steel for medicalapplications were proposed, such as mechanical polishing, electropolishing, sandblasting, and the applicationof a thin surface layer. This was followed by a series of physicochemical and biological tests. The resultsindicate that the titanium nitride coating improved corrosion resistance and reduced bacterial adhesion onthe surface. No significant improvement in abrasion was observed, and the adhesion of the coating closelydepended on the method of preparation.

The research describes an atomic layer deposition (ALD) coating method and its application on a new generationof titanium alloy (Ti13Nb13Zr) for biomedical applications. The study aimed to assess the physicochemicalproperties and mechanics of a titanium alloy coated with titanium oxide (TiO2) or aluminium oxide (Al2O3)using the ALD method. The physicochemical properties of the surface coatings were evaluated throughmicroscopic observations, potentiodynamic tests, surface wettability tests, optical profilometry scratch tests,and abrasion tests. Based on the data obtained, different physicochemical properties of the alloy with titaniumnitride and titanium oxide coatings were found. Such differences were dependent on the number of cyclesused and the temperature of the manufacturing process. The coatings have reduced the abrasion coefficient,thus improving the abrasion resistance of the Ti13Nb13Zr alloy, which enables their use within the skeletalsystem. These findings are of practical importance for applying this type of surface modification to varioustypes of miniaturised implants used in the skeletal system.