Perspectives in Prevention of Biofilm for Medical Applications

Abstract

The opportunity of decreasing the development of biofilm on the implant surface is one of the biggest research problems. It is connected with the existing prevention of microorganism hyperplasia. The application of numerous modifications is concerned with surface treatments leading to minimizing bacterial colonization. In the case of non-use antibacterial therapy, this leads to tissue infection. It can lead to a decreased opportunity to fight infection using antibiotherapy. One way is to decrease the increasing biofilm application which requires a method of modification. These techniques ensure properties like homogeneity or repeatability. The structure and chemical composition are changed with methods like CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition), sol–gel, or ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition). Antibacterial properties of metals are connected with their impact on proteins and the nuclear proliferation of fibroblasts, causing improvement in biocompatibility and also growth corrosion resistance, and the decline of biofilm adhesion. The prevention of biofilm with medicines and antibiotics is a crowded-out treatment. Traditional methods of preventing biofilm are based on compounds that kill or inhibit the growth of the microbes but at the same time lead to frequent development of resistance to antibiotics. This review summarizes the current knowledge of reducing and preventing the creation of biofilm.

The Effect of Cu Additions on the Antibacterial Properties of Metallic Glassy Ni50TM50 (TM; Ti, Zr) Binary Systems

“…The antibacterial mechanism of action of copper surfaces has been widely investigated [22,23]. The processes of contact death may vary depending on the microorganism and its state in planktonic or matured biofilms.…”

“…However, in order to improve the performance of Ti, known antibacterial materials were added to the alloy, such as Cu [25]. In this study, we evaluated the effects of various material alloys separately: Cu, Ti, Ni, and Zr, which demonstrated a poor inhibitory effect against biofilm formation; binary binding materials, excluding Cu (Ti 50 Ni 50 , Zr 50 Ni 50 ), which showed an improved inhibitory effect against the biofilm formation by E. The antibacterial mechanism of action of copper surfaces has been widely investigated [22,23]. The processes of contact death may vary depending on the microorganism and its state in planktonic or matured biofilms.…”

The Antimicrobial Activity of Micron-Thin Sol–Gel Films Loaded with Linezolid and Cefoxitin for Local Prevention of Orthopedic Prosthesis-Related Infections

“…Specifically, in the area of release systems, major progress has been made in chlorhexidine-releasing, silver-releasing, furanone-releasing, and nitric oxide-releasing coatings [ 7 ]. Although many of these alternatives are promising and could have high relevance in the coming years, they are currently in the early stages of the investigation, and many of them have not reached clinical trials, not even animal models in some cases [ 7 , 12 ].…”

Influence of Addition of Antibiotics on Chemical and Surface Properties of Sol-Gel Coatings

“…Sometimes, these procedures usually lead to a bad outcome, such as arthrodesis, amputation, suppressive treatment, and even death [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Therefore, avoiding the growth of nosocomial pathogens can be more effective than trying to eliminate the biofilm [ 6 ].…”

“…The orthopedic IAI prevention by systemic administration of antibiotics probably has reached its limit in its effectiveness, and the increasing number of resistant organisms could be a problem in the future. To overcome this problem, possibly will be necessary to use a broader spectrum antibiotics with, in some cases, an increased number of side effects [ 6 ]. In addition, after prosthetic implantation, the tissue may be damaged, avascular, or even necrotic.…”