Internal wave-wave interaction theories and observations support a parameterization for the turbulent dissipation rate and eddy diffusivity K that depends on internal wave shear ͗V z 2 ͘ and strain ͗ z 2 ͘ variances. Its latest incarnation is applied to about 3500 lowered ADCP/CTD profiles from the Indian, Pacific, North Atlantic, and Southern Oceans. Inferred diffusivities K are functions of latitude and depth, ranging from 0.03 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 m 2 s Ϫ1 within 2°of the equator to (0.4-0.5) ϫ 10 Ϫ4 m 2 s Ϫ1 at 50°-70°. Diffusivities K also increase with depth in tropical and subtropical waters. Diffusivities below 4500-m depth exhibit a peak of 0.7 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 m 2 s Ϫ1 between 20°and 30°, latitudes where semidiurnal parametric subharmonic instability is expected to be active. Turbulence is highly heterogeneous. Though the bulk of the vertically integrated dissipation ͐ is contributed from the main pycnocline, hotspots in ͐ show some correlation with small-scale bottom roughness and near-bottom flow at sites where strong surface tidal dissipation resulting from tide-topography interactions has been implicated. Average vertically integrated dissipation rates are 1.0 mW m Ϫ2 , lying closer to the 0.8 mW m Ϫ2 expected for a canonical (Garrett and Munk) internal wave spectrum than the global-averaged deep-ocean surface tide loss of 3.3 mW m Ϫ2 .

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GO-SHIP: Multi-Disciplinary Ocean Science Argo array. GO-SHIP provides the relevant suite of global, full depth, high quality observations and co-located deployment opportunities that, for the foreseeable future, remain crucial to maintenance and evolution of Argo's unique contribution to climate science. The evolution of GO-SHIP from a program primarily focused on physical climate to increased emphasis on ocean health and sustainability has put an emphasis on the addition of essential ocean variables for biology and ecosystems in the program measurement suite. In conjunction with novel automated measurement systems, ocean color, particulate matter, and phytoplankton enumeration are being explored as GO-SHIP variables. The addition of biological and ecosystem measurements will enable GO-SHIP to determine trends and variability in these key indicators of ocean health. The active and adaptive community has sustained the network, quality and relevance of the global repeat hydrography effort through societally important scientific results, increased exposure, and interoperability with new efforts and opportunities within the community. Here we provide key recommendations for the continuation and growth of GO-SHIP in the next decade. Keywords: GO-SHIP, ship-based observations, multidisciplinary ocean research, contemporaneous ocean observations, global ocean change and variability, health, essential ocean variables, essential climate variables Program/Research activity Acronym Link Argo www.argo.ucsd.edu Biogeochemical Argo BGC Argo www.biogeochemicalargo.org

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