It was recently proposed that in Jurkat cells, after inhibition of respiration by NO, glycolytically generated ATP plays a critical role in preventing the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (⌬m) and thus apoptotic cell death. We have investigated this observation further in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons and astrocytes-cell types that differ greatly in their glycolytic capacity. Continuous and significant (Ϸ85%) inhibition of respiration by NO (1.4 M at 175 M O2) generated by [(z)-1-[2-aminoethyl]-N-[2-ammonioethyl]amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2 diolate (DETA-NO) initially (10 min) depleted ATP concentrations by Ϸ25% in both cell types and increased the rate of glycolysis in astrocytes but not in neurons. Activation of glycolysis in astrocytes, as judged by lactate production, prevented further ATP depletion, whereas in neurons, which do not invoke this mechanism, there was a progressive decrease in ATP concentrations over the next 60 min. During this time, there was a persistent mitochondrial hyperpolarization and absence of apoptotic cell death in astrocytes, whereas in the neurons there was a progressive fall in ⌬m and increased apoptosis. After glucose deprivation or treatment with inhibitors of the F1F0-ATPase and adenine nucleotide translocase, astrocytes responded to NO with a fall in ⌬m and apoptotic cell death similar to the response in neurons. Finally, although treatment of astrocytes with NO partially prevented staurosporin-induced collapse in ⌬m and cell death, NO and staurosporin synergized in decreasing ⌬m and inducing apoptosis in neurons. These results demonstrate that although inhibition of cellular respiration by NO leads to neurotoxicity, it may also result in initial neuroprotection, depending on the glycolytic capacity of the particular cell.glycolysis ͉ mitochondrial membrane potential ͉ apoptosis ͉ oxygen consumption ͉ neurodegeneration N itric oxide (NO) is a physiological messenger (1) that has been reported either to cause or prevent cellular apoptotic death (2, 3). The mitochondrion is now emerging as a key organelle playing a role in the NO-mediated apoptotic pathway. Disruption of the membrane potential across the mitochondrial inner membrane (⌬ m ) dissipates the electrochemical gradient necessary for ATP synthesis (4). Moreover, ⌬ m collapse is associated with mitochondrial swelling, disruption of the outer mitochondrial membrane, and the release of proapoptotic factors such as cytochrome c, apoptosis-inducing factor, and some procaspases (5, 6) from the intermembrane space. NO inhibits the activity of certain components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, including cytochrome c oxidase (reviewed in ref. 7), and it has recently been shown that endogenous NO formation in primary neurons triggers a rapid and transient ATP depletion associated with ⌬ m collapse and apoptosis (8).Beltrán et al. (9), however, have shown in Jurkat cells that inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by NO induces mitochondrial hyperpolarization. They suggested that this phenomenon may be a...
For this study, we investigated the changes in the electrophysiological parameters of Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules from 17 - 19 day-old rats induced by testosterone. Using conventional intracellular microelectrode techniques, we analysed the membrane potential and its input resistance. The entire tubules were fixed in a superfusion chamber continuously perfused with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4, 32 degrees C). Visual control of cell impalement was achieved using an inverted microscope. The parameters analysed were passed through an amplifier and recorded using a proprietary software system. The topical application of testosterone (0.1 to 10 microM) led to an immediate (within 30 seconds) and significant dose-dependent depolarization of the membrane potential of the cell at all concentrations used. Concomitantly, the input resistance of the cell membrane underwent a significant increment at 30 seconds. These changes returned to resting values after washout. Topical administration of 17beta-estradiol or progesterone (10 microM) did not change the membrane potential. The addition of the K +ATP channel agonist diazoxide to the perfusion buffer nullified the depolarization effect of testosterone at 30 seconds. This result suggests that the immediate action of testosterone is associated with the closing of K +ATP channels, thereby depolarizing the membrane.
Objetivo: Identificar os fatores que se relacionam à sobrecarga produzida sobre cuidador no cuidado de idosos dependentes e sua correlação com a qualidade de vida. Métodos: Estudo transversal, que avaliou variáveis sócio-demográficas (sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade, grau de parentesco com o idoso e remuneração da atividade cuidador), a sobrecarga (Zarit Burden Interview) e a qualidade de vida (WHOQOL- Abbreviated) dos cuidadores de pacientes idosos do Hospital Dia do Idoso de Anápolis. Foram obtidas informações sobre o perfil do idoso dependente: o nível de dependência (índice de Katz) e variáveis demográficas (sexo e faixa etária). As médias das variáveis categóricas foram analisadas estatisticamente pelo teste T-Student e ANOVA e entre as variáveis quantitativas foi calculada correlação Pearson. Resultados: De 35 cuidadores incluídos, 83% apresentaram grau de sobrecarga no mínimo moderada. Cuidadores do sexo feminino, alfabetizadas, sem grau de parentesco com idoso obtiveram maiores médias de sobrecarga. Idosos muito dependentes estiveram relacionados também a maiores índices de sobrecarga. Evidenciou-se associação entre altos níveis de sobrecarga e baixos escores na percepção da qualidade de vida. Conclusões: Conclui-se que sobrecarga vivenciada pelos cuidadores de idosos com maior dependência influencia na pior percepção de qualidade de vida e que há um perfil de cuidadores mais suscetível à sobrecarga, contribuindo para conscientização da equipe de saúde sobre a importância de formular medidas de apoio ao cuidador e até de tratamento para que o cuidado seja exercido de forma eficiente no Hospital Dia do Idoso de Anápolis.
Os atendimentos em ginecologia geralmente estão relacionados com malformações genitais e violência sexual na infância, e a aspectos de desenvolvimento do corpo, secreções vaginais, irregularidades do ciclo, dor mamária e para orientação sobre métodos contraceptivos na adolescência. Doenças são menos comuns nesta faixa etária, geralmente relacionadas a infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (ISTs) e vulvovaginites. Trata-se de um estudo analítico transversal da proporção em serviços de Ginecologia no Brasil, conforme faixa etária no período entre janeiro de 2008 e janeiro de 2020. A análise é baseada no conjunto de dados públicos secundários DATASUS. A produção ambulatorial em serviços de ginecologia e diagnóstico ginecológico em crianças e adolescentes corresponderam a um total de 1.053.933 atendimentos durante o período englobado pelo estudo. A distribuição quantitativa desses atendimentos por faixa etária demonstra uma concentração de casos em dois grupos distintos: população menor de 1 ano de idade e, população juvenil entre 15 e 19 anos. Diante dos dados expostos, transfigura-se como essencial o conhecimento das particularidades de cada faixa etária, assim como suas principais afecções ginecológicas, visto que os atendimentos a crianças e adolescentes representam uma parcela significativa dos serviços ambulatoriais de ginecologia e obstetrícia do SUS.
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