Recently, organolead halide-based perovskites have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic applications, particularly for photovoltaics, photodetectors, and lasing, with low cost and high performance. Meanwhile, nanoscale photodetectors have attracted tremendous attention toward realizing miniaturized optoelectronic systems, as they offer high sensitivity, ultrafast response, and the capability to detect beyond the diffraction limit. Here we report high-performance nanoscale-patterned perovskite photodetectors implemented by nanoimprint lithography (NIL). The spin-coated lead methylammonium triiodide perovskite shows improved crystallinity and optical properties after NIL. The nanoimprinted metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors demonstrate significantly improved performance compared to the nonimprinted conventional thin-film devices. The effects of NIL pattern geometries on the optoelectronic characteristics were studied, and the nanograting pattern based photodetectors demonstrated the best performance, showing approximately 35 times improvement on responsivity and 7 times improvement on on/off ratio compared with the nonimprinted devices. The high performance of NIL-nanograting photodetectors likely results from high crystallinity and favored nanostructure morphology, which contribute to higher mobility, longer diffusion length, and better photon absorption. Our results have demonstrated that the NIL is a cost-effective method to fabricate high-performance perovskite nanoscale optoelectronic devices, which may be suitable for manufacturing of high-density perovskite nanophotodetector arrays and to provide integration with state-of-the-art electronic circuits.

Magnetoresistance measurements have been carried out on single-crystal sample of the transition-metal Zintl compound Eu 14 MnSb 11 . Eu 14 MnSb 11 is the first compound of the Ca 14 -AlSb 11 structure type in which magnetoresistive effects have been measured. Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) at 92 K and 5 T with ∆F/F(0) ) -36% and at 5 K and 5 T with ∆F/F(0) ) -42% were observed. CMR is observed at the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition (92 K). A large negative magnetoresistance is observed below the second magnetic transition (15 K) and is attributed to a field-induced antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic ordering of the Eu 2+ lattice. The MR is highly anisotropic with respect to the crystallographic axes. A sign change in the curvatures of F(H) curves below and above 92 K has been observed, indicating that two different mechanisms are responsible for the magnetic scattering of the carriers in two separate temperature regions.

Supporting Information Yb 0.0061 (6) 0.0093 (6) 0.0085 (6) 0.0017 (7) 0.000 0.000 Pd1 0.0048 (6) 0.0098 (5) 0.0099 (7) 0.000 0.000 0.0009 (4) Pd2 0.0061 (9) 0.0102 (9) 0.0058 (11) 0.000 0.000 −0.0016 (8) Ga1 0.0037 (6) 0.0091 (6) 0.0172 (8) 0.0003 (6) 0.0010 (8) 0.0004 (5) Ga2 0.0071 (11) 0.0103 (9) 0.0112 (12) 0.000 0.000 0.0001 (9) Ga3 0.015 (4) 0.014 (3) 0.021 (4) 0.003 (3) 0.000 0.000 Ga4 0.015 (6) 0.012 (5) 0.016 (6) 0.000 0.000 0.000 Yb(a) 0.0029 (10) 0.0097 (11) 0.0076 (10) 0.000 0.000 0.000 Ga3(a) 0.008 (4) 0.007 (3) 0.005 (4) −0.003 (3) 0.000 0.000 Ga3(b) 0.002 (4) 0.015 (4) 0.012 (4) −0.005 (3) 0.000 0.000 Ga4(a) 0.001 (3) 0.009 (3) 0.005 (3) −0.010 (3) 0.000

New rare-earth transition-metal compounds Eu 14 MnPn 11 and Eu 14 InPn 11 (Pn ) Sb, Bi) have been prepared in quantitative yield from heating stoichiometric amounts of the elements, which are sealed in a welded tantalum tube that is enclosed in a fused silica ampule, at 950-1200 °C. These compounds are isostructural with the Zintl compound Ca 14 -AlSb 11 and crystallize in the tetragonal space group I4 1 /acd (Z ) 8). Single-crystal X-ray data (143 K) were refined for Eu 14 InSb 11 (a ) 17.280 (5) Å, c ) 23.129 (8) Å, R 1 ) 4.04%, wR2 ) 8.65%) and Eu 14 MnBi 11 (a ) 17.632 (4) Å, c ) 23.047(6) Å, R 1 ) 4.53%, wR2 ) 7.83%). The structures of these compounds are compared with Eu 14 MnSb 11 and other compounds of this structure type. Magnetization measurements show that Eu 14 MnSb 11 and Eu 14 MnBi 11 order at approximately 100 and 35 K, respectively. The effective moment in the paramagnetic state for Eu 14 MnSb 11 is µ eff ) 27.0(1) µ B and for Eu 14 MnBi 11 is µ eff ) 27.1(1) µ B . Eu 14 MnSb 11 saturates with µ sat ) 102 µ B at 5 K whereas Eu 14 MnBi 11 does not saturate at 5 K with fields up to 5 T. Eu 14 InSb 11 and Eu 14 InBi 11 are both paramagnetic at high temperatures with µ eff) 30(1) µ B and 30.1(1) µ B , respectively, and have transitions around 10 K to glassy and antiferromagnetic states, respectively.

Despite being documented in medical history from over 2400 years ago, primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), being a disease with low incidence rate, remains a challenge to ophthalmologists.The article provides a broad overview on the pathophysiology and diagnostic approach to PCG with major emphasis on the treatment options of PCG. While reviewing on the well-established treatment options, namely goniotomy, trabeculo-tomy and combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy, emphasis has also been made to recent updates on secondary treatments: trabeculectomy, antimetabolites, glaucoma-drainage devices and cyclodestructive procedures.It is, however, important to note that the rarity of PCG places limitations on study design, most studies are, thus, retrospective, nonrandomized and have different definitions of surgical success. Ophthalmologists need to interpret the results with critical thinking and formulate individual treatment plans for each patient.How to cite this article: Yu Chan JY, Choy BNK, Alex LK Ng, Shum JWH. Review on the Management of Primary Congenital Glaucoma. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2015;9(3):92-99.