Every year, the residues generated by the disposal of packaging materials produced from fossil fuels have been growing, denoting a major environmental problem that can be mitigated by the development of biodegradable materials from natural polymers, particularly edible films. This work aimed at the development of pectin films added by cupuassu puree and chitosan nanoparticles and to evaluate the improvement of the physical–mechanical performance of the composite films. The nanostructures displayed an average size of 110 nm and a zeta potential of approximately +40 mV. The films were produced by casting, and they exhibited manageability, homogeneity, and continuity. Based upon the mechanical analysis of maximum stress and elongation, it was concluded that the nanoparticles functioned as fillers, increasing the toughness of the pectin films. Water vapor permeability assays demonstrated that the nanostructured films containing cupuassu exhibited improved barrier properties. The glass transition temperature of the films was not strongly affected by the addition of nanoparticles. Conversely, the initial degradation temperature decreased with the addition of nanoparticles and cupuassu puree. The outcomes of this research pave a new route for the development of nonconventional food packaging materials.
Recebido em 13/04/2018; aceito em 25/06/2018; publicado na web em 21/08/2018 INFLUENCE OF LEMON NANOEMULSION IN FILMS GELATIN-BASED. The development of films from natural polymers is an alternative to reduce the consumption of packaging obtained from non-renewable sources. The formation of edible films requires a polymeric material that forms a homogeneous and continuous matrix. The gelatin is a natural polymer, cheap and abundant, characteristics that instigate its use. The aim of this study was preparing and characterize gelatin films and evaluate the influence of lemon essential oil nanoemulsion on gelatin matrix for an innovative application of the product. The films were characterized for their water vapor permeability (WVP) test, contact angle, thickness and mechanical analysis (tensile strength and elongation at break). The particle size showed an average of 170.6 nm and zeta potential around -10.9 mV. The incorporation of lemon nanoemulsion increased the water vapor permeability of the gelatin and the elongation, but decreased tensile strength due to the interaction with the hydrophobic portion of the polymer matrix.Keywords: gelatin; lemon essential oil; nanoemulsion. INTRODUÇÃOO aumento da demanda por produtos saudáveis e ecologicamente corretos, assim como a preocupação com segurança alimentar e ambiental têm estimulado pesquisas de desenvolvimento de filmes a partir de biopolímeros.1-3 Atualmente, grande parte das embalagens utilizadas são de fontes não-renováveis de energia, como o petróleo, e por levarem um longo tempo para se degradarem no ambiente, causam sérios problemas de acúmulo de resíduos. 4,5 Nesse contexto, é de grande interesse a busca pela substituição de embalagens convencionais por outras que sejam biodegradáveis e até mesmo comestíveis.2,6 Diversos são os materiais obtidos de recursos renováveis que possibilitam tais inovações. Entre eles, os mais utilizados para formação de filmes comestíveis são determinados polissacarídeos, proteínas e lipídeos. 7Em relação às proteínas, a gelatina tem se mostrado promissora para formação de filmes, além de ser abundante, ter baixo custo, excelente biocompatibilidade e biodegradabilidade.8 Seu processamento é feito a partir da hidrólise controlada de colágeno fibroso insolúvel, extraído de ossos e peles de animais durante o abate.9,10 A gelatina é um biopolímero composto por sete aminoácidos diferentes, possui estrutura de tripla-hélice e temperatura de desnaturação proteica em torno de 40 °C. 11,12Em geral, filmes comestíveis sintetizados a partir de proteí-nas possuem melhores propriedades mecânicas do que filmes de lipídeos e polissacarídeos. 13 No entanto, devido à elevada natureza higroscópica e baixo ponto de fusão da gelatina a adição de outros componentes como, por exemplo, polissacarídeos, proteí-nas, lipídeos ou polímeros naturais geram filmes compostos que podem combinar vantagens e melhorias em suas propriedades. [13][14][15] O óleo essencial de limão (Citrus limon L.) adicionado a um filme polimérico pode alterar determinadas caracter...
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