The enteric glia, a neural crest-derived cell type that composes the Enteric Nervous System, is involved in controlling gut functions, including motility, gut permeability, and neuronal communication. Moreover this glial cell could to give rise to new neurons. It is believed that enteric neurons are generated up to 21 days postnatally; however, adult gut cells with glial characteristics can give rise to new enteric neurons under certain conditions. The factors that activate this capability of enteric glia to differentiate into neurons remain unknown. Here, we followed the progress of this neuronal differentiation and investigated this ability by challenging enteric glial cells with different culture conditions. We found that, in vitro, enteric glial cells from the gut of adult and neonate mice have a high capability to acquire neuronal markers and undergoing morphological changes. In a co-culture system with 3T3 fibroblasts, the number of glial cells expressing βIIItubulin decreased after 7 days. The effect of 3T3-conditioned medium on adult cells was not significant, and fewer enteric glial cells from neonate mice began the neurogenic process in this medium. Laminin, an extracellular matrix protein that is highly expressed by the niche of the enteric ganglia, seemed to have a large role in inhibiting the differentiation of enteric glia, at least in cells from the adult gut. Our results suggest that, in an in vitro approach that provides conditions more similar to those of enteric glial cells in vivo, these cells could, to some extent, retain their morphology and marker expression, with their neurogenic potential inhibited. Importantly, laminin seemed to inhibit differentiation of adult enteric glial cells. It is possible that the differentiation of enteric glia into neurons is related to severe changes in the microenvironment, leading to disruption of the basement membrane. In summary, our data indicated that the interaction between the enteric glial cells and their microenvironment molecules significantly affects the control of their behavior and functions.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented pressure over health care systems worldwide. Hospital-level data that may influence the prognosis in COVID-19 patients still needs to be better investigated. Therefore, this study analyzed regional socioeconomic, hospital, and intensive care units (ICU) characteristics associated with in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients admitted to Brazilian institutions. This multicenter retrospective cohort study is part of the Brazilian COVID-19 Registry. We enrolled patients ≥ 18 years old with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the participating hospitals from March to September 2020. Patients’ data were obtained through hospital records. Hospitals’ data were collected through forms filled in loco and through open national databases. Generalized linear mixed models with logit link function were used for pooling mortality and to assess the association between hospital characteristics and mortality estimates. We built two models, one tested general hospital characteristics while the other tested ICU characteristics. All analyses were adjusted for the proportion of high-risk patients at admission. Thirty-one hospitals were included. The mean number of beds was 320.4 ± 186.6. These hospitals had eligible 6556 COVID-19 admissions during the study period. Estimated in-hospital mortality ranged from 9.0 to 48.0%. The first model included all 31 hospitals and showed that a private source of funding ( β = − 0.37; 95% CI − 0.71 to − 0.04; p = 0.029) and location in areas with a high gross domestic product (GDP) per capita ( β = − 0.40; 95% CI − 0.72 to − 0.08; p = 0.014) were independently associated with a lower mortality. The second model included 23 hospitals and showed that hospitals with an ICU work shift composed of more than 50% of intensivists ( β = − 0.59; 95% CI − 0.98 to − 0.20; p = 0.003) had lower mortality while hospitals with a higher proportion of less experienced medical professionals had higher mortality ( β = 0.40; 95% CI 0.11–0.68; p = 0.006). The impact of those association increased according to the proportion of high-risk patients at admission. In-hospital mortality varied significantly among Brazilian hospitals. Private-funded hospitals and those located in municipalities with a high GDP had a lower mortality. When analyzing ICU-specific characteristics, hospitals with more experienced ICU teams had a reduced mortality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11739-022-03092-9.

Objetivo: analisar as evidências científicas acerca da capacidade da mulher de decidir livremente sobre questões reprodutivas através das subescalas da Escala de Autonomia Reprodutiva e sua associação com as características sociodemográficas. Método: revisão de literatura integrativa em torno da análise da autonomia reprodutiva entre mulheres. Para a seleção dos artigos foi efetuada uma consulta aos Descritores em Ciência da Saúde (DeCS) e Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), sendo identificados e utilizados os descritores: Reproductive Autonomy Scale, Decision-Making, Women, Tomada de decisões, Mulheres, e combinados através do operador booleano AND. Resultados: a busca bibliográfica ocorreu em setembro/2021 nas bases Pubmed, SCOPUS, Scielo, Lilacs e portal BVS, inicialmente encontrou 238 títulos com exclusão de 93 duplicatas, e após a triagem, sete artigos foram incluídos. Após realização das análises desses estudos foram apontadas as categorias “Autonomia reprodutiva: gênero e poder” e “Características sociodemográficas das mulheres e autonomia reprodutiva”. Considerações finais: é importante conhecer o contexto sociodemográfico e a dinâmica de autonomia reprodutiva no qual as mulheres estão inseridas. Assim, diante de um cenário real de fragilidades sociais que a mulher vivencia, inclusive as que estão em condições desfavoráveis, a exemplo das questões raciais, faz-se necessário ações que fortaleçam a promoção dos direitos reprodutivos na atenção primária de saúde

Objetivo: descrever a percepção dos profissionais de saúde acerca dos aspectos relacionados à humanização ao parto e nascimento Metodologia: Estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 26 profissionais de saúde especialistas em obstetrícia (10 enfermeiros e 16 médicos) de três maternidades públicas de risco habitual em Recife-PE. Utilizou-se como referencial teórico a Análise crítica do discurso. Resultados: Dificuldades enfrentadas no desenvolvimento da assistência ao parto e nascimento; Discurso divergente em relação à humanização da assistência ao parto e nascimento; Divergência entre modelos assistenciais obstétricos seguidos. Conclusões: percebe-se a necessidade de ampliar a compreensão de humanização do parto e nascimento pelos profissionais, tendo como objetivo prestar uma atenção voltada às necessidades da parturiente e família.Descritores: Humanização da assistência; Assistência ao parto; Parto.INTERFACES BETWEEN HEALT H PRO FESSIONALS AND HUMANIZATION OF LABOR ASSISTANCEObjective: to describe the perception of health professionals about the aspects related to humanization at birth and birth. Methodology: A descriptive study with a qualitative approach, carried out with 26 health professionals specialized in obstetrics (10 nurses and 16 physicians) from three public maternity hospitals at usual risk In Recife-PE. Critical analysis of discourse was used as theoretical reference. Results: Difficulties faced in the development of delivery and birth care; Divergent discourse regarding the humanization of delivery and birth care; Divergence between assisted obstetric care models. Conclusions: the need to extend the understanding of humanization of birth and birth by professionals is perceived, with the objective of paying attention to the needs of the parturient and the family.Descriptors: Humanization of Assistance; Midwifery; Delivery.INTERFACES ENTRE PRO FESIONALES DE SAL UD Y LA HUMANIZACIÓN DE LA ASISTENCIA AL PARTOObjetivo: describir la percepción de los profesionales de salud acerca de los aspectos relacionados con la humanización al parto y el nacimiento. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo con abordaje cualitativo, realizado con 26 profesionales de salud especialistas en obstetricia (10 enfermeros y 16 médicos) de tres maternidades públicas de riesgo habitual En Recife-PE. Se utilizó como referencial teórico el análisis crítico del discurso. Resultados: Dificultades enfrentadas en el desarrollo de la asistencia al parto y el nacimiento; Discurso divergente en relación con la humanización de la asistencia al parto y el nacimiento; Divergencia entre modelos asistenciales obstétricos seguidos. Conclusiones: se percibe la necesidad de ampliar la comprensión de humanización del parto y nacimiento por los profesionales, teniendo como objetivo prestar una atención volcada a las necesidades de la parturienta y familia.Descriptores: Humanización de la Atención; Tocología; Parto Obstétrico.

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