Tobacco and alcohol are the main extrinsic etiological factors for the genesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), but it is still not clear if the presence of these factors interfere with clinical, pathologic and molecular characteristics or with the prognosis of the disease. In the present study, these characteristics were reviewed, establishing comparisons between the lesions of patients exposed and not exposed to tobacco and alcohol. We observed that oral SCC in non smokers and non alcohol drinkers occur mainly in female patients, under 50 or over 70 years old. The lesions tend to be less aggressive in this group of patients and have a better prognosis. The molecular characteristics of these malignant tumors also appear to be influenced by the presence of these habits, once mutations of p53 have been associated with tobacco and alcohol use. The understanding of the differences between the neoplasms of these two groups of patients can contribute to the management of this cancer, which could lead to advances in the determination of more appropriate therapeutic measures.
Kew words: Oral cancer; risk factors; prognosis
ResumoO tabaco e o álcool são os principais fatores etiológicos extrínsecos associados à gênese do carcinoma bucal de células escamosas (CCE), mas não está claro se estes fatores interferem nas características clínico-patológicas, moleculares ou no prognóstico da doença. No presente estudo, essas características foram revisadas, estabelecendo-se comparações entre as lesões de pacientes usuários ou não de tabaco e álcool. Observou-se que carcinomas bucais de não fumantes e não etilistas ocorrem, preferencialmente, em pacientes do sexo feminino, em faixa etária inferior a 50 ou superior 70 anos. Neste grupo de indivíduos, as lesões tendem a ser menos agressivas e apresentam melhor prognóstico. O tabagismo e o etilismo também parecem influenciar as características moleculares do carcinoma bucal, uma vez que mutações da proteína p53 nas lesões têm sido associadas a esses fatores de risco. A compreensão das diferenças entre os CCE bucais desses dois grupos de pacientes pode contribuir para uma melhor abordagem e avanços no desenvolvimento de medidas terapêuticas mais adequadas frente a esta neoplasia. Oral squamous cell carcinoma
Therapie chronischer Harnwegsinfekte mit OxolinsäureDie Behandlung chronischer Harnwegsinfekte stellt für den Urologen, der ihnen besonders bei obstruktiven Veränderungen der Harnwege begegnet, eine nicht immer leichte Aufgabe dar, weil die Resistenz der meisten Erreger gegenüber fast allen Antibiotika und Chemotherapeutika ständig zunimmt.Wir waren daher gerne bereit, ein neu entwickeltes Medikament, Oxolinsäure (Göciecke AG), auf seine Wirksamkeit bei chronischen Harnwegsinfekten zu prüfen. Bei der Substanz handelt es sich um S-Äthyl-S,8dihydro -8-oxo-l,3-dioxolo(4,5-g-)-chinolin-7-carboxylsäure. Sie besitzt in vitro und in vivo eine gute antitnikrobielle Wirksamkeit, besonders gegen gramnegative Erreger (5, 7-9), ihre Toxizität im Tierversuch ist gering, die Verträglichkeit bei der Behandlung von Harowegsinfekten gut (1, 2). Nach oraler Einnahme von zweimal täglich 750 mg lassen sich nicht nur im Ham, sondern auch im Serum-Spiegel erreichen, die über den minimalen Hemmkonzentrationen der meisten für den Harotrakt pathogenen gramnegativen Erreger liegen (6, 10, 11.
There are substantial clinicopathologic differences between oral carcinomas in users and nonusers of tobacco and alcohol. Immunodetection of the proteins VEGF, caspase-3, and p53 is not influenced by smoking or alcohol consumption, suggesting that other molecular mechanisms are associated with the biological aggressiveness of oral carcinoma in patients exposed to these risk factors.
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