AbstrakSenario permintaan di pasaran global semakin meningkat terhadap tanaman cendawan disebabkan kelebihannya dalam pembangunan industri farmaseutikal, nutraseutikal, kosmeseutikal serta potensinya dalam pembangunan industri hiliran lain. Lantas, mendorong penglibatan agropreneur untuk menceburi industri herba ini. Namun, kadar penawaran cendawan di pasaran tempatan masih lagi rendah lantaran kekurangan pengusaha. Dalam usaha meningkatkan kadar penawaran cendawan di pasaran tempatan dan galakan penyertaan agropreneur, Dasar Agromakanan Negara (2011-2020) telah menetapkan industri cendawan sebagai salah satu industri bernilai tinggi negara. Tumpuan diberikan oleh pihak kerajaan sebagai dorongan untuk meningkatkan penyertaan agropreneur menceburi tanaman cendawan. Justeru, kajian dilakukan untuk mengkaji jenis cendawan yang ditawarkan serta menilai faktor kecenderungan penglibatan agropreneur dalam industri cendawan di Johor. Pemilihan Johor sebagai kawasan kajian memandangkan kadar penglibatan agropreneur dan pengeluaran hasil cendawan di wilayah ini adalah tertinggi di Malaysia. Rekabentuk kajian bersifat kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Kaedah triangulasi melibatkan kaji selidik, temubual dan pemerhatian telah dilaksanakan ke atas 42 orang responden. Kajian mendapati keseluruhan agropreneur di Johor menawarkan cendawan tiram kelabu (Pleurotus pulmonarius) kerana permintaan di pasaran tempatan adalah tinggi selain turut mengusahakan cendawan kukur (Schizophyllum sp.) dalam skala kecil. Kajian menonjolkan kecenderungan utama penglibatan agropreneur dalam industri tanaman cendawan adalah disebabkan oleh faktor minat terhadap tanaman herba ini. Selain itu, ia turut didorong oleh pulangan pendapatan lumayan dalam jangka masa singkat; pengaruh rakan perniagaan yang berjaya; pengaruh dasar kerajaan; serta mengambil alih perusahaan keluarga. Kesungguhan minat agropreneur untuk mengusahakan tanaman cendawan perlu didorong secara bersepadu, efektif serta holistik oleh pihak kerajaan melalui penawaran pelbagai insentif serta khidmat nasihat. Peningkatan penyertaan agropreneur dalam industri herba ini akan meningkatkan penawaran cendawan di pasaran malah berupaya mengurangkan kebergantungan import serta mensasarkan kepada jualan eksport negara.
The concept of sustainable agriculture development gives priority to environmental considerations, economic development and social needs in the process of crop production. This process involves crop management up until the post-harvest, which needs to be managed in an environmentally friendly way. In regards to mushroom cultivation, it is an environmentally friendly crop as its growth substrate comprises other agricultural wastes, while the post-harvest waste, which is the spent mushroom substrate (SMS) can be reused for the development of upstream and downstream activities. Environmentally unfriendly crop management has a negative impact on agricultural environment such as air and odour pollution. Therefore, a study has been conducted to assess the level of knowledge of agripreneurs on the potential of reusing SMS and the post-harvest management methods practiced by agripreneur. A combination of the quantitative (survey) and qualitative methods (interviews) was carried out on agripreneur who were working on mushroom cultivation commercially in Kedah (36 agripreneurs) and Johor (42 agripreneurs). Results showed that the majority of the agriprenuers knew that SMS could be reused as compost, plant seed substrate and vermicompost. However, the post-harvest management methods practiced by the agripreneur were environmentally unfriendly, which was done by piling up SMS and mushroom waste bags in an open and unorganized dumping area or burning it openly. This resulted in pollution of the agricultural environment. Therefore, exposure to the concept of waste-to-wealth and green agribusiness should be instilled upon agripreneur through the development of downstream activities. This activity is capable of raising the income of agripreneur by reducing the purchasing cost of inputs, generating side income and preserving the agricultural environment through environmentally friendly mushroom cultivation management.
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