The study aims to examine the level of pedestrian safety among secondary school students. Safety issues are often debated, but up to this date, there is no specific formula to overcome this problem. For students who walk to school, they are more exposed to the risk of road accidents because they neglect and ignore safety aspects while walking to school. Therefore, safety aspects should be improved to reduce the loss of life, injury and property damage caused by accidents that happen to students who are walking to school. The study area involves two selected schools located in the Sabak Bernam district, Selangor. Sekolah Agama Menengah Muhammadiah Pekan Sabak represents the urban area and Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Bagan Terap represents the rural area. The questionnaire method was applied on 145 samples involving secondary students who walked to school. Data were obtained through primary and secondary sources. Primary data were obtained through questionnaires, observations, and interviews. While secondary data were obtained through library research, official documents, reports, and journals. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics presented in the forms of percentage, frequency and mean. The findings of the study on the level of pedestrian safety among the secondary students show that all four variables which are the students' behaviours, road users' behaviours, pedestrian facilities, and the environment are still at the unsatisfactory level. Several suggestions have been proposed to improve the level of safety among school students. Cooperation between the government, schools and communities are important in ensuring that pedestrians can travel safely during school trips.

Ineffective straw management by open field burning, leaving it on the field, and dumping it in landfill causes serious environmental degradation and adversely affects public health. This study assesses the level of farmers' knowledge on straw potential and the benefits of using straw in agricultural activities. Descriptive analysis was carried out on 160 farmers in the Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA) agricultural region in Kedah who manage straw in an environmentally-friendly manner. Results show that most of farmers lack knowledge in using straw in agricultural activities. The interviews revealed that the re-use of straw in the agricultural activities would enhance soil quality, improve the growth quality of plant, improve livestock and seedling germination, increase yield production; and reduce the cost of farm management. Given the economic value and high potential, straw could stimulate the wider rural economy through added-value as well as generally increase the socioeconomic class of farmers and improve the agricultural environment.Contribution/ Originality: The paper's primary contribution is finding that the rice sub-sector should move towards managing agricultural residue by improving and strengthening the straw potential in agro-industrial development. Farmers need to increase their knowledge of straw management in contributing to the environmentally-friendly management and increasing the agribusiness of farmers.

The concept of sustainable agriculture development gives priority to environmental considerations, economic development and social needs in the process of crop production. This process involves crop management up until the post-harvest, which needs to be managed in an environmentally friendly way. In regards to mushroom cultivation, it is an environmentally friendly crop as its growth substrate comprises other agricultural wastes, while the post-harvest waste, which is the spent mushroom substrate (SMS) can be reused for the development of upstream and downstream activities. Environmentally unfriendly crop management has a negative impact on agricultural environment such as air and odour pollution. Therefore, a study has been conducted to assess the level of knowledge of agripreneurs on the potential of reusing SMS and the post-harvest management methods practiced by agripreneur. A combination of the quantitative (survey) and qualitative methods (interviews) was carried out on agripreneur who were working on mushroom cultivation commercially in Kedah (36 agripreneurs) and Johor (42 agripreneurs). Results showed that the majority of the agriprenuers knew that SMS could be reused as compost, plant seed substrate and vermicompost. However, the post-harvest management methods practiced by the agripreneur were environmentally unfriendly, which was done by piling up SMS and mushroom waste bags in an open and unorganized dumping area or burning it openly. This resulted in pollution of the agricultural environment. Therefore, exposure to the concept of waste-to-wealth and green agribusiness should be instilled upon agripreneur through the development of downstream activities. This activity is capable of raising the income of agripreneur by reducing the purchasing cost of inputs, generating side income and preserving the agricultural environment through environmentally friendly mushroom cultivation management.

Mushrooms are considered as an environmentally-friendly crops by using agricultural waste as substrate, while spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is reusable. However, mushroom cultivation waste (MCW) to be managed in environmentally-friendly is not much practiced by agripreneurs that led impact to the environment. Therefore, this study attempts to evaluate the level of agripreneurs' readiness on environmentallyfriendly management in post-harvest stage. It also evaluated the method of obtaining information regarding MCW management. Survey and interview were conducted involving 40 agripreneurs who were participants of the Young Mushroom Agripreneur Project Package Course. The results showed that agripreneurs knew and aware of caring the environmental quality when dealing with MCW, but most of them did not manage in a proper way, despite received advices from agency. Expanding agripreneurs awareness, skills capabilities in post-harvest techniques, and building-up networking with agencies and small-scale entrepreneur could essential strategies to manage MCW. This potentially increased agripreneurs' income by reducing the input cost, generating side income and improve the environment.Contribution/ Originality: The paper's primary contribution is finding that mushroom cultivation waste should manage in an environmentally-friendly ways. Therefore, agripreneurs need to be exposed, given training and skills in reusing and developing substrate wastes into potential products. This could increase agribusiness and improve the environment. INTRODUCTIONThe mushroom industry is widely produced especially in the Asian continent which is dominated by China as the world's largest producer, besides the USA and Europe. Mushroom cultivation is an industry that is environmentally-friendly in its production process [1,2]. The substrates for this crop use other agricultural wastes such as wood dust, grain straws, banana leaf, cotton waste, corn cob [2] and cocoa husk as a crop substrate or

Pengajaran Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) merentas kurikulum memerlukan semua guru melaksanakan perubahan pendekatan pengajaran daripada berpusat guru kepada berpusatkan pelajar. Guru bukan lagi sebagai pemberi maklumat dan pelajar bukan lagi sebagai penerima yang pasif.  Guru perlu menjadi fasilitator pembelajaran dan pelajar perlu aktif dalam pembelajaran.  Walau bagaimanapun,  kajian lepas mendapati pelaksanaan KBAT kurang berkesan.  Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka pengalaman guru terutamanya dalam aspek cabaran yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan. Kajian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan pendekatan qualitatif secara indepth interviews bersama 6 orang guru di sekolah menengah.  Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat empat elemen utama dalam cabaran pelaksanaan KBAT iaitu inovasi, guru, persekitaran dan pemantauan.  Elemen inovasi dikaitkan dengan aspek fundamental seperti kerencaman dasar versus keupayaan melaksana. Elemen guru berkisar dengan kesediaan guru seperti pengetahuan dan kemahiran. Elemen persekitaran berkait dengan faktor budaya organisasi seperti budaya kerja, kepimpinan sekolah, motivasi kerja, dan infrasturuktur sokongan. Elemen pemantauan memberi fokus kepada faktor seperti penilaian pencapaian dasar. Hasil kajian ini boleh digunakan bukan sahaja oleh guru sebagai pelaksana, tetapi juga pembuat dasar, untuk tujuan penambahbaikan berterusan agar objektif dasar KBAT dapat dicapai.