Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) is recognized as a causal agent of benign and malignant tumors in cattle. Thirteen types of BPV are currently characterized and classified into three distinct genera, associated with different pathological outcomes. The described BPV types as well as other putative ones have been demonstrated by molecular biology methods, mainly by the employment of degenerated PCR primers. Specifically, divergences in the nucleotide sequence of the L1 gene are useful for the identification and classification of new papillomavirus types. On the present work, a method based on the PCR-RFLP technique and DNA sequencing was evaluated as a screening tool, allowing for the detection of two relatively rare types of BPV in lesions samples from a six-year-old Holstein dairy cow, chronically affected with cutaneous papillomatosis. These findings point to the dissemination of BPVs with unclear pathogenic potential, since two relatively rare, new described BPV types, which were first characterized in Japan, were also detected in Brazil.

Doze vacas das raças Holandesas e Pardo Suiço produzindo 23 kg/dia em média foram utilizadas em delineamento tipo "switch-back" para avaliar os seguintes volumosos fornecidos à vontade e com quantidades fixas de farelo de soja ajustados para atender mantença mais produção diária dos primeiros 8 kg de leite: A) silagem de milho + 1,50 kg de farelo de soja; B) 50% de silagem de milho + 50% de cana-de-açúcar + 2,25 kg de farelo de soja; C) cana-de-açúcar + 3,00 kg de farelo de soja. As médias diárias de produção de leite, corrigidas à matéria graxa nos tratamentos foram: A = 19,63 kg e 3,57%, B) 18,94 kg e 3,50%. C) 18,07 kg e 3,46%, respectivamente, e não apresentaram diferenças significativas (P> 0,05). O consumo da matéria seca e de nutrientes digestíveis totais pelos animais diminuíram com o aumento de cana-de-açúcar nas dietas e atendidas as exigências das vacas em termos de MS, PB e NDT, foi possível substituir a silagem de milho por cana-de-açúcar, garantindo-se produções de leite semelhantes, em torno de 18,0 kg/animal/dia.

Staphylococcus aureus is among the main etiologic agents of bovine mastitis. A total of 83 isolates of S. aureus from mammary glands of primiparous heifers were collected in the prepartum, calving and during lactation. For lactating cows, a total of 27 isolates of S. aureus from mammary glands were collected during lactation. The samples were taken in two dairy farms located in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The highest frequency of S. aureus isolation in heifers was at the end of lactation. Strains were typified through Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and grouped according to patterns of restriction enzyme SmaI. PFGE generated seven clonal profiles that were grouped into three different lineages, with the LA lineage being predominant and identified in heifers, as well as in the cows from the two regions studied. It was concluded that the cows showed a significant source of dispersion of S. aureus. At the first lactation the heifers were infected by the same clonal profiles of S. aureus which were isolated from multiparous lactating cows. The heifers were infected during milking over the months of lactation.

Staphylococci are the main etiological agents of bovine mastitis. Bacteriocins and nanoparticles have emerged as promising alternatives for the future development of antimicrobial agents. This study evaluated the activity of the bacteriocin nisin and bicelles of the synthetic cationic lipid dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide, alone and in combination, against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated from bovine mastitis. In summary, cationic nisin/dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide nanoparticles are shown to be a promising alternative for the control of mastitis caused by multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus spp.