Sensory analysis of cold-stored guacamole added with α α α α α-tocopherol and ascorbic acidMarketing of processed avocado without chemical additives is difficult. Cold temperature causes browning and sensory changes during storage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptance of cold-stored guacamole added with α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid. Guacamole samples were packaged in polyethylene and polyethylene+nylon bags with and without vacuum pump application. Packaged samples were treated by refrigeration, slow and fast freezing. Sensory evaluations were performed on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 days after initiation of the refrigeration treatment and days 7, 30, 60, 90 after initiation of slow and fast freezing. Sensory evaluations were carried out using a 9 point hedonic scale with a group of forty randomly selected, untrained panelists to score samples with respect to acceptance, appearance, color, texture and flavor parameters. Correlation between acceptance and flavor was 0.84 and between color and appearance was 0.74. Moderate correlations were found between the other variables. The sensorial analysis showed that the addition of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol allows preservation of guacamole by refrigeration in polyethylene packaging. The product preserved up to 30 days in any packaging components showed means of acceptance scores close to values of the evaluation at the first day.
RESUMO:O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a conservação do abacate 'Hass' com uso da radiação. Foram realizados dois experimentos: Experimento I -frutos irradiados em diferentes doses de irradiação gama de cobalto 60 (0,0; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6 e 1,0 kGy); Experimento II -frutos irradiados por acelerador de elétrons em diferentes doses (0,0; 0,48; 0,8; 1,12 e 1,45 Mev) ambos mantidos sob temperatura ambiente 21±1 ºC e 70±5% UR. Foram realizadas análises de capacidade antioxidante, compostos fenólicos totais, perda de massa fresca e respiração a cada três dias, durante 12 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições por tratamento. Para análise estatística o Teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade foi utilizado. Nas condições em que os experimentos foram realizados, os resultados permitiram concluir que o uso da radiação gama conservou os frutos por 12 dias independentes das doses aplicadas. O uso da radiação por acelerador de elétrons também favoreceu a conservação dos frutos independente da dose utilizada. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Persea americana Mill., radiação gama, acelerador de elétrons. POST-HARVEST QUALITY OF AVOCADO 'HASS' HELD IN AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND TREATED WITH DIFFERENT RADIATIONABSTRACT: This study aimed the avocado 'Hass' conservation with the use of radiation. We performed two experiments: Experiment I -fruits irradiated with different doses of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation(0,0; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6 e 1,0 kGy); Experiment II -fruit irradiated by electron accelerator in different doses (0,0; 0,48; 0,8; 1,12 e 1,45 MeV), both maintained at room temperature of 21±1 °C and at relative humidity of 79±5 %. Antioxidant capacity, total phenolic compounds, fresh weight loss, and respiration rate evaluation were performed every three days for 12 days. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replicates per treatment. For statistical analysis, the Tukey test at 5% probability was employed. Under the conditions in which the experiments were performed, the results showed that the gamma radiation use retained the fruits for 12 days, regardless the doses applied. The radiation by electron accelerator use also promote the fruits preservation, regardless the doses employed.
ResumoA elaboração de produtos de abacate para comercialização mantendo suas características de produto fresco é limitada, já que o fruto cortado escurece rapidamente e suas características sensoriais são modificadas com o armazenamento. Na presente pesquisa, avaliaram-se os parâmetros sensoriais, estabilidade microbiológica e atividade de peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) e polifenoloxidase (PPO, EC 1.10.3.1) do guacamole adicionado de ácido ascórbico e conservado sob frio elaborado, usandose abacate da variedade Hass. Produtos acondicionados em embalagens de polietileno+nylon com e sem aplicação de vácuo foram submetidos ao congelamento lento e rápido (-18ºC) e armazenados em freezer (-18ºC). Avaliações foram realizadas no momento da elaboração do produto (t0) e aos 3, 7 e 30 dias após armazenamento, sendo que no t30 as amostras foram mantidas sob refrigeração (4 ±1ºC) e avaliadas após 3, 5 e 7 dias. Após 30 dias de armazenamento, a -18ºC sob congelamento, seguido de descongelamento e mantendo-se à 4ºC±1 por 7 dias, as notas para os parâmetros sensoriais diminuram. A peroxidase foi totalmente inibida no produto elaborado e a atividade da enzima polifenoloxidase diminuiu consideravelmente no guacamole (20,07 mM de catecol/g massa fresca) em relação ao fruto (58,31 mM de catecol/g massa fresca), porém sem variação significativa durante o armazenamento (à -18ºC AbstractThe elaboration of avocado products for commercialization keeping their characteristics of fresh product has been limited. The cut avocado darkens quickly and their sensorial characteristics are modified with the storage. In the present research, the sensorial parameters, microbiological stability,
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