El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el evaluar las características morfológicas de 47 variedades tradicionales de yuca (Manihot esculenta), colectadas en propiedades rurales en la región del Alto Jacuí-RS. Fueron usadas estacas con cuatro yemas como semilla, en una área preparada de manera convencional, con arado de discos y rastrillo, dejando un espacio de 1,00 x 1,00m entre surcos, siguiendo el línea experimental de bloques al azar, con tres repeticiones, constituidas estas por parcelas útiles de 5m² con 5 plantas cada una. Diez meses después de la siembra se evaluaron características morfológicas referentes a la parte aérea y radicular de la planta. La evaluación de los indicadores escogidos siguió la metodología de Fukuda & Guevara (1998). Las variedades típicas de yuca de la región del Alto Jacuí, Rio Grande do Sul, conservados en el Banco de Germoplasma, presentan una elevada durabilidad genética, permitiendo su uso en el mejoramiento genético de la especie. Las características morfológicas de su parte aérea son diferentes si comparados con la mayoría de los descriptores morfológicos, a excepción de la pubescencia de la hoja joven y en el florecimiento. También predomina el color marrón oscuro en la película que cubre la raíz, color de la corteza radicular es blanca o crema, color de la pulpa de la raíz crema y la presencia de pedúnculo séssil en la mayoría de las variedades evaluadas.
Physalis angulata L. é uma planta anual com propriedades alimentícias e medicinais. Em métodos de propagação vegetativa, como a estaquia, é importante o uso de promotores de enraizamento. O objetivo foi avaliar a influência de concentrações e tempos de imersão em extrato vegetal de tiririca sobre a estaquia de fisalis. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em fatorial (5x2), com 5 repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação das concentrações de extrato de tiririca (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%) e tempos de imersão (5 e 10 minutos). O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação e aos 45 dias após o plantio foram avaliados os caracteres: percentual de sobrevivência (%S), número de brotos (NB), comprimento médio da maior brotação (CMMB), número de raízes (NR), massa seca de brotações (MSB), massa seca de caule (MSC), massa seca de raízes (MSR) e massa seca total (MST). Foi realizada análise de correlação linear de Pearson entre pares de caracteres em cada concentração de extrato de tiririca. A concentração com 100% de extrato de tubérculos de tiririca proporcionou melhor %S, NB, CMMB, NR, MSB, MSC, MSR e MST na estaquia de fisalis, sendo dez minutos o melhor tempo de imersão
Reaction of soybean cultivars to Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita Nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne are associated with soybean cultivation, unknown the reaction of cultivars. The objective of this work was to determine the reaction of soybean cultivars to M. javanica and M. incognita. Twenty-seven soybean cultivars were sown in plastic pots, in a completely randomized experimental design with eight replicates. Ten days after emergence of the seedlings, in a separate experiment, M. javanica and M. incognita were inoculated.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of two tillage programs (conventional and no-tillage) and different rotations with soybeans and corn on the occurrence of Fusarium species. The work was conducted in the experimental field and Seed Laboratory at Iowa State University. The treatments were: tillage (no-tillage and conventional tillage), crop (corn and soybeans) and three different cropping sequences for corn and soybeans, respectively. Treatment with corn: (1) the first year after four years of soybeans (1C); (2) alternating corn and soybeans each year (C / SB); (3) Continuous corn (C). Treatment with soybeans; (1) the first year after four years of corn (1S); (2) alternating soybeans and corn each year (SB / C); (3) Continuous soybeans (S). Two plant counts were performed in two stages in soybean (VC and V3) and corn (V1 and V3). The root system of ten plants were collected in the vegetative stages V2 and V5 for soybeans and corn. The fungi were isolated from the roots, and the Fusarium species were identified based on the most distinctive morphological characteristics. Nine species were identified in both soybeans and corn, namely F. acuminatum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. solani, F. subglutinans, F. verticillioides and F. virguliforme. There were no significant differences among the treatments concerning the Fusarium species composition, for both soybeans and corn. In soybeans Fusarium oxysporum was the most frequently observed saprophyte species, followed by F. solani. For corn the main trends in the data was the predominance in all treatments of F. solani, whose highest frequency was in the no-tillage system.
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