In Switzerland, mothers' involvement in paid work often occurs on a part-time basis. The mechanisms driving the decisions and opportunities to access part-time employment differ between native and immigrant populations. In this paper, we address the extent to which the employment behaviours of the female population differ by birthplace and family situation. Using data from the Swiss Labour Force Survey, we decompose the effect of human capital and household income on participation and the number of hours worked. Contrasting patterns of employment emerge among women born in Switzerland, within the EU, and outside the EU, especially in the presence of resident children. Women's education has a stronger positive effect on participation for natives, whereas household income is proved to have greater influence on the participation outcomes for the foreign-born population. Nevertheless, compared with immigrant women having the same level of education and household income, natives work the fewest number of hours.

BACKGROUND Much of the literature on immigrant relocation has focused on human and social capital and has often ignored the role of life-course events as triggers of internal migration and residential mobility. We know that family transitions are closely tied to residential relocation, but the extent to which they might explain differential mobility patterns among immigrant and native-born populations is still largely unknown. OBJECTIVE/METHODS Using Swiss administrative registers and a nationally representative survey, we apply discrete-time logistic models to assess whether residential mobility responses to family changes differ between immigrant and native-born populations. We highlight various patterns of housing adjustment at times of childbirth, marriage (among cohabiting and non-cohabiting partners), and divorce. We also investigate the factors accounting for the differences between foreign-and native-born groups. RESULTS/CONTRIBUTIONS The results suggest that residential mobility increases at times of childbirth, marriage, and divorce for both native-and foreign-born populations living in Switzerland. The results also suggest that the timing and intensity of residential changes in response to (or in anticipation of) family transitions differ across groups according to their birthplace. Compared to native-born residents, immigrants prove to be more residentially mobile at the time of marriage, owing to specific premarital cohabitation behaviours, but less residentially mobile at the time of childbirth, an event inherently linked to housing improvement. Household income was identified as an important mitigating factor within the joint processes of family changes and residential mobility. Lacroix, Gagnon & Wanner: Family changes and residential mobility among immigrants and native-born https://www.demographic-research.org We argue that linking residential mobility to life-course events and statuses can serve as an alternative, dynamic marker of residential integration, preferences, and housing disadvantage among immigrant populations.

This paper integrates life course principles to investigate interdependencies between residential, family and professional trajectories following an international migration, and enhance the more classic micro-economic explanations of foreign-born internal migration. Using retrospective data from the Swiss Household Panel survey, we follow foreign-born residents for a six-year period and analyse long- and short-distance mobility outcomes. By considering repeated migration in a multilevel framework, we tackle the question of whether successive migration is due to a short-term adjustment process or rather to a long-term phenomenon for a hypermobile segment of the population. The results corroborate important synchronicities between marriage, employment transitions and spatial outcomes, but fail to confirm the simultaneous process of childbirth and residential relocation. We conclude that successive long-distance and successive short-distance migration are confined to a selected segment of the population with high latent mobility propensity, while a long-short migration sequence rather results from a process of housing adjustment.

Les différences d’insertion dans l’emploi entre immigrés et natifs sont étroitement liées à l’origine nationale et au genre. Alors que le désavantage des hommes immigrés non occidentaux est souvent expliqué en termes de discrimination et de transférabilité du capital humain, celui des femmes immigrées repose plutôt sur un argumentaire culturel, selon lequel la participation des femmes au marché du travail serait le reflet des rôles de genre dans la région d’origine. En utilisant les données d’enquête sur les travailleurs sélectionnés au Québec, nous examinons la rapidité avec laquelle les immigrés accèdent à l’emploi selon la nationalité et le genre. Ces derniers sont tous des requérants principaux de la catégorie des travailleurs qualifiés au Québec. Les facteurs liés aux « barrières culturelles », censés freiner l’accès des femmes à l’emploi, sont ainsi neutralisés dans l’analyse des différents groupes se destinant au marché du travail. Des modèles de Cox avec interactions montrent que l’effet de genre se juxtapose à celui de l’origine nationale des immigrés et révèlent des différences de genre pour l’accès au premier emploi, qui sont principalement modulées par les connaissances linguistiques. Au contraire, l’accès à un emploi conforme au niveau d’éducation diffère selon l’origine nationale, indépendamment du genre.

We examine how contextual variation in aggregated political attitudes shapes ethnic discrimination. Using a field experiment with national coverage we identify ethnic discrimination in the Swiss housing market (N = 7,533 queries for viewings from fictitious persons who vary by name to signal ethnic origin). We use referendums and popular initiatives to identify the aggregated political attitudes at the municipality level in two dimensions: social conservatism and economic conservatism. We show that although aggregated levels of discrimination are low, discrimination varies spatially – higher levels of discrimination are found in municipalities that are both socially and economically conservative. Municipalities that are economically conservative, but socially liberal also tend to exhibit ethnic discrimination. By contrast, we find no evidence of ethnic discrimination in municipalities that are socially conservative, but economically liberal. Considering how the literature highlights social conservatism when discussing the role of political ideology on attitudes and ethnic discrimination, this result highlights how differentiating different forms of conservatism helps better understand the relationship between ideology and behaviour – in this case ethnic discrimination.