While the need for psychosocial interventions in the early formative period of chronic disease diagnosis is widely acknowledged, little is known about the currently available interventions and what they entail. This review sought to collate existing interventions to synthesize their active ingredients. A systematic search on five electronic databases yielded 2910 records, 12 of which were eligible for this review. Evidence synthesis revealed three broad categories of interventions which used at least two out of eight active techniques. Future studies should adhere to known frameworks for intervention development, and focus on developing core outcome measures to enhance evidence synthesis

Aims To explore perceptions of useful routine consultations with diabetologists from the perspective of adults with type 1 diabetes, including preferences for discussing psychosocial issues. Methods We conducted semi‐structured interviews in 2018/2019 with 33 people with type 1 diabetes (age 22–75 years, 20 men and 13 women, median diabetes duration 25 years) recruited from two diabetes clinics in the capital region of Denmark. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic text condensation. Results Achieving a useful consultation was perceived as a shared responsibility between people with diabetes and diabetologists. Participants’ perspectives of what constitutes a useful consultation and expectations for both consultation and diabetologist varied in relation to perceptions of (1) the interaction between the person with diabetes and diabetologist, including being prepared, being honest, experiencing good rapport and preferring a partnership with the diabetologist or ‘keeping it clinical’ and (2) the diabetologist’s approach to diabetes care, including providing up‐to‐date knowledge and listening and showing understanding. Conclusions Both content and style of diabetes consultations need to be adapted to the individual person with type 1 diabetes. People with diabetes have an important role in expressing their needs and preferences related to both content and style. Diabetologists need to be aware of and attentive to the many individual needs and expectations among people with diabetes, including the desire and need to discuss psychosocial issues. Dialogue tools for preparation and in consultations may enable people with diabetes to voice their needs and expectations and diabetologists to juggle these diversities.

ObjectiveTo develop supportive interventions for adults with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) to facilitate positive adaptive strategies during their transition into a life with diabetes.DesignThe study used a co-design approach informed by Design Thinking to stimulate participants’ reflections on their experiences of current care and generate ideas for new supportive interventions. Visual illustrations were used to depict support needs and challenges. Initial discussions of these needs and challenges were facilitated by researchers and people with diabetes in workshops. Data comprising transcribed audio recordings of the workshop discussions and materials generated during the workshops were analysed thematically.SettingsSpecialised diabetes centres in Denmark and the United Kingdom.ParticipantsAdults with new-onset T1D (n=24) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) (n=56) participated in six parallel workshops followed by four joint workshops with adults (n=29) and HCPs (n=24) together.ResultsThe common solution prioritised by both adults with new-onset T1D and HCP participants was the development of an integrated model of care addressing the psychological and social elements of the diagnosis, alongside information on diabetes self-management. Participants also indicated a need to develop the organisation, provision and content of care, along with the skills HCPs need to optimally deliver that care. The co-designed interventions included three visual conversation tools that could be used flexibly in the care of adults with new-onset T1D to support physical, psychological and social adaptation to T1D.ConclusionThis co-design study has identified the care priorities for adults who develop T1D, along with some practical conversational tools that may help guide HCPs in attending to the disruptive experience of the diagnosis and support adults in adjusting into a life with diabetes.

Adults newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) can experience significant psychosocial disruption, leading to maladaptive emotional and behavioral responses which may increase the risk of future complications. The aim of the study was to co-design an intervention with people with diabetes (PWD) and healthcare-professionals (HCPs) to address the psychosocial disruption associated with new onset T1D in adults. We used a co-design approach to stimulate the target populations to reflect on their experiences and generate ideas for the intervention. This involved the use of illustrations depicting common experiences of the time of diagnosis identified in a previous study among PWD and HCPs. Illustrations were used as conversation tools in six parallel workshops exclusively for PWD (n=24) and HCPs (n=55); and four workshops that brought PWD (n=31) and HCPs (n=19) together to prioritize intervention components. Data comprising of transcribed audio recordings and notes from participants were analyzed thematically with a view to intervention development. The workshops identified that the intervention should be phasic, with an initial focus on the psychosocial disruption of diagnosis, followed by the early experience of diabetes and how to adapt positively to a life with it. Participants constructed two integrated intervention components: 1) one-to-one sessions soon after diagnosis, with a HCP trained in using a psychologically modelled conversation tool addressing PWD’s experiences, thoughts and feelings about the diagnosis; and 2) a group-based intervention addressing common diabetes challenges, emotional issues and thinking traps, focusing on normalizing emotions and developing strategies for managing diabetes in day-to-day life. The co-design process revealed the benefit of adopting a bio-psycho-social perspective and introducing methods of support involving both HCPs and peers to activate positive adaptive strategies in adults with new onset T1D. Disclosure M. Due-Christensen: Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Foundation. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. L.E. Joensen: None. S. Sarre: None. J.L. Wad: None. E. Romanczuk: None. R. Forde: None. I. Willaing: None. A. Forbes: None. Funding National Institute for Health Research (PB-PG-0317-20012); Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF17OC0028274)

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