Changes in the foraging environment and at-sea distribution of southern elephant seals from Kerguelen Islands were investigated over a decade (2004–2018) using tracking, weaning mass, and blood δ 13 C values. Females showed either a sub-Antarctic or an Antarctic foraging strategy, and no significant shift in their at-sea distribution was detected between 2004 and 2017. The proportion of females foraging in sub-Antarctic versus Antarctic habitats did not change over the 2006–2018 period. Pup weaning mass varied according to the foraging habitat of their mothers. The weaning mass of sub-Antarctic foraging mothers' pups decreased by 11.7 kg over the study period, but they were on average 5.8 kg heavier than pups from Antarctic foraging mothers. Pup blood δ 13 C values decreased by 1.1‰ over the study period regardless of their sex and the presumed foraging habitat of their mothers. Together, these results suggest an ecological change is occurring within the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean with possible consequences on the foraging performance of southern elephant seals. We hypothesize that this shift in δ 13 C is related to a change in primary production and/or in the composition of phytoplankton communities, but this requires further multidisciplinary investigations.

The number of people under correctional or criminal justice supervision in the United States has continued to grow over the past several decades, despite a decline in the overall crime rate. This can be attributed to what is known as net‐widening. Net‐widening occurs when correctional programs are implemented as supplements to one another rather than as alternatives, thereby increasing the total number of people who are subject to correctional control. In this entry, we describe the past, present, and future of net‐widening in the United States.

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Pecuchet et al. 2015). During the 'critical period' (sensu Hjort 1914), when fish larvae shift from endogenous to exogenous nutrition, poor feeding conditions can lead to higher mortality rates due to reduced growth, i.e. increased larval stage duration, and higher vulnerability to predation (Houde 2008, Robert et al. 2014, Wilson et al. 2018. Survival of fish larvae therefore depends on their ability to acquire, © Inter-Research 2018 • www.