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This article reviews the literature on patients' privacy and dignity and concludes that interest in the topic goes back to psychiatric patients in the 1960s, with the 1990s seeing a shift to all hospitals. A number of databases were used to obtain information for the literature review. Findings revealed United Kingdom (UK) government policies designed to raise the profile of patients' privacy and dignity. UK research on patients' privacy/dignity is limited, although there is universal interest. While a variety of methodologies have been used in previous research, and there is consistency in findings, more research is indicated. Previous research spanned topics such as elderly patients, medical and surgical patients, palliative care, rehabilitative settings and child-bearing women. A conceptual framework and definitions of privacy and dignity were examined. Although healthcare professionals and patients attach importance to patients' privacy, there is insufficient understanding of the problem. Limitations of previous research have been discussed.

In May-June 2006, a self-report questionnaire was completed by 40 inpatients to assess their experience of privacy and dignity in hospital. The questionnaire comprised closed and open questions, where the latter, among other things, required the patient's own narrative. Results indicate that patients view privacy/dignity as crucial. Although the staff and inadequate ward layouts compromise and conspire against patients' privacy and dignity, patients appear to sympathize with how hospitals are run, even if the caring environment fails to provide full privacy. Women have greater concerns, and both genders indicated how their privacy and dignity could be met. Recognizing problems relating to meeting patients' privacy and dignity, the article challenges clinical staff and hospital designers to address the issue, especially as central government initiatives and law demand serious attention to ensuring patients' privacy and dignity. Research is indicated to ascertain hospital designs, preferred care strategies and education to address the problem.

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