Lattari, E, Andrade, ML, Filho, AS, Moura, AM, Neto, GM, Silva, JG, Rocha, NB, Yuan, T-F, Arias-Carrión, O, and Machado, S. Can transcranial direct current stimulation improve the resistance strength and decrease the rating perceived scale in recreational weight-training experience? J Strength Cond Res 30(12): 3381-3387, 2016-The goal of this study was to evaluate the acute efficacy of anodic transcranial direct current stimulation on the total volume of repetitions and perceived exertion in recreationally trained individuals in strength. The sample consisted of 10 participants trained in exercise against resistance for at least 3 months. Participants underwent elbow flexion exercise at barbell with a specific load of 10 repetition maximum (10RM), responded immediately after the OMNI-RES scale, and were stimulated for 20 minutes with a tDSC protocol (2 mA), depending on randomization. After applying the tDSC, subjects were again subjected to perform elbow flexion with 10RM load and, soon after, again responded to OMNI-RES scale. All subjects underwent the 3 experimental conditions of the study, c-tDSC, a-tDSC, and sham-tDSC, which were randomized. A range of 48-72 hours was allowed between each assessment visit. An interaction to condition and time (F = 52.395; p ≤ 0.001) has shown that repetitions completed after anodic condition were higher compared with the other conditions in the postsession. In relation to perceived exertion, verified by OMNI-RES scale, 2-way analysis of variance for repeated measures showed an interaction between condition and time (F = 28.445; p ≤ 0.001), where the perceived exertion was decreased after the a-tDSC condition and increased after the c-tDSC condition. In strict terms of performance, it seems to be beneficial to attend a session of 20 minutes a-tDSC, when strength training practitioners can no longer support high-volume training and have increased responses in the perceived exertion.

Violinists living and working in the state of Rio de Janeiro have a high prevalence of PRMD, especially women and older musicians.

Advanced simulation methods are needed to predict the complex behavior of structures exposed to realistic fires. Fire dynamics simulator (FDS) is a computational fluid dynamics code, developed by NIST for fire related simulations. In recent years, there has been an increase in use of FDS for performance-based analysis in the area of structural fire research. This paper discusses the FDS-finite element method (FEM) simulation methodology for structural fire analysis. The general methodology is described and a validation study is presented. A data element used to transfer data from FDS to FEM codes, the adiabatic surface temperature, is discussed. A tool named fire-thermomechanical interface is applied to transfer data from FDS to ANSYS. A high temperature stress-strain model for structural steel developed by NIST is included in the FEM analysis. Compared to experimental results, the FDS-FEM method predicted both the thermal and structural responses of a steel column in a localized fire test. The column buckling time was predicted with a maximum error of 7.8%. Based on these results, this methodology has potential to be used in performance-based analysis.

IntrOductIOnThe coronoid and the olecranon fossae are located at the distal third of the humerus, and they are usually separated by a thin wall. In some cases, this membrane is perforated, producing the Supratrochlear Foramen (STF), an anatomic variation of great clinical and anthropological interest [1][2][3][4][5].The STF has a varying incidence among different races, ranging close to 0% up to 60%, as many studies have shown [2,[6][7][8][9]. Individuals who possess this variation may present overextension of the elbow joint [6,10]. The causes of this variation are not clear, although, its incidence was studied among different ethnic groups, which demonstrated differences between them, with a predisposition on the left side [1,11].This aperture is one of many areas of the skeleton that can be characterized by relative radiolucency, as such, it can be misinterpreted as an osteolytic or cystic lesion, furthermore, studies have shown that the presence of the STF can be related to a narrower medullary canal, which is of vital importance to intramedullary fixation [2,11,12].The current study presents the measures of the STF in Brazilian humeri and quantifies the necessary amount of radiation in order to see the presence of this anatomic variation in radiographic images. This was the first study to address the incidence of the STF in Brazilian bones. This research is in accordance with ethical considerations of the Declaration of Helsinki. MAtErIALS And MEtHOdSThis study was conducted at the Fluminense Federal University, Gama Filho University and Grande Rio University during 2 years and 3 months (2013)(2014)(2015). A total of 330 dry humeri (185 pertaining to the left side and 145 pertaining to the right side) were analysed. All bones were from Brazilian cadavers free from any pathology and belonged to three different medical schools from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Only adult bones were used in this study.The humeri were divided in three groups: with STF (Group 1), with a translucent STF (Group 2) and without STF (Group 3). The horizontal and vertical diameters of the foramen were measured using a digital vernier caliper. Random humeri from the three groups were selected and radiological images were taken. All radiological incidences had a thin focus of 100. The kilovoltage (kV) and milliamperage per second (mAs) were adjusted in order to produce images that allowed comparative parameters.We performed a paired two-tailed student's t-test (p < 0.05 was considered significant) and obtained descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) of both sides were obtained through the Graph Pad 6 Prism software. rESuLtSIn the 330 humeri studied, 74 (22.5%) possessed the STF (Group 1), 46 humeri of this group were left sided (62.1%), and 28 were right sided (37.8%), 136 bones (41.2%) showed a translucent STF (Group 2), 63 (46.3%) belonged to the left side, and 73 (53.6%) belonged to the right side. In 120 bones (36.3%), the STF was absent (Group 3), as shown in [Table/ Fig-1