Controlling self-organization and morphology of chemical architectures is an essential challenge for the search of higher energy-conversion efficiencies in a variety of optoelectronic devices. Here, we report a highly ordered donor/acceptor functional material, which has been obtained using the principle of ionic self-assembly. Initially, an electron donor π-extended tetrathiafulvalene and an electron acceptor perylene-bisimide were self-organized separately obtaining n-and p-nanofibers at the same scale. These complementary n-and p-nanofibers are endowed with ionic groups with opposite charges on their surfaces. The synergic interactions establish periodic alignments between both nanofibers resulting in a material with segregated and alternately stacked donor/acceptor nanodomains. Photoconductivity measurements show values for these n/p-co-assembled materials up to 0.8 cm 2 V -1 s -1 , confirming the effectiveness in the design of these heterojunction structures. This easy methodology offers great possibilities to achieve highly ordered n/p-materials for potential applications in different areas such as optoelectonics and photovoltaic.The control on the organization and morphology of organic materials at different scales is an essential challenge in current science. 1 In particular, organic materials employed for obtaining efficient photovoltaic devices require a controlled segregation of electron donor/acceptor domains in the active layers because transport of the photo-generated charge carriers occurs through these domains to the electrodes. This control over the organization of nanostructured domains at the same length scale generally results in an increase in conductivity or photoconductivity values. 2 One of the approaches to prepare optoelectronic materials for photon-energy conversion is the use of covalent donor-acceptor (D-A) dyads. In this context, a great variety of D-A dyads have been reported with an elaborated synthetic strategy. 3-5 These D-A dyads provide nanoscale D-A heterojunctions with different morphologies such as fibrous, 3 tubular 4 or liquid crystals, to name a few. 5 On the other hand, supramolecular chemistry is gaining attention, when compared to covalent methodologies, due to its higher versatility and easier ensembles preparation. From small molecules and through weak and non-covalent intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, hydrophobic forces, van der Waals forces, π-π stacking and electrostatic interactions, it is possible to reach highly ordered structures at the nano and mesoscales. 6
Abstract.A scientific approach is presented to aggregate and harmonize a set of 60 geophysical variables at hourly timescale over a decade, and to allow multiannual and multi-variable studies combining atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics, radiation, clouds and aerosols from ground-based observations. Many datasets from ground-based observations are currently in use worldwide. They are very valuable because they contain complete and precise information due to their spatio-temporal co-localization over more than a decade. These datasets, in particular the synergy between different type of observations, are under-used because of their complexity and diversity due to calibration, quality control, treatment, format, temporal averaging, metadata, etc. Two main results are presented in this article: (1) a set of methods available for the community to robustly and reliably process ground-based data at an hourly timescale over a decade is described and (2) a single netCDF file is provided based on the SIRTA supersite observations. This file contains approximately 60 geophysical variables (atmospheric and in ground) hourly averaged over a decade for the longest variables. The netCDF file is available and easy to use for the community. In this article, observations are "re-analyzed". The prefix "re" refers to six main steps: calibration, quality control, treatment, hourly averaging, homogenization of the formats and associated metadata, as well as expertise on more than a decade of observations. In contrast, previous studies (i) took only some of these six steps into account for each variable, (ii) did not aggregate all variables together in a single file and (iii) did not offer an hourly resolution for about 60 variables over a decade (for the longest variables). The approach described in this article can be applied to different supersites and to additional variables. The main implication of this work is that complex atmospheric observations are made readily available for scientists who are non-experts in measurements. The dataset from SIRTA observations can be downloaded at http://sirta.ipsl.fr/reobs.html (last access: April 2017) (Downloads tab, no password required) under https://doi
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