The study examined the effect of market access on the adoption of sustainable soil management practices by farmers in the study area. Specifically, the study described the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers; identified the sustainable soil management practices adopted by the farmers; determined factors influencing the choice of sustainable soil management practices used; determined the relationship between market access and the adoption intensity of sustainable soil management practices and identified constraints faced in adopting sustainable soil management practices. Multistage sampling procedure was employed to collect data from one hundred and fifty (150) farmers. Thereafter, data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate probit regression. The findings revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 45 years, with a mean household size of about 6 members. Majority (69.6%) of the respondents had formal education and a mean year of experience of about 18. The study also revealed that all the respondents had access to one form of market or the other for purchase of inputs and sales of their products. In addition, the mean distance covered from farm to home was less than 5 kilometres for most of the respondents while the distance from home to major market and farm to major market was between 5 and 10 kilometres. The most popular sustainable soil management practices adopted by the farmers were the use of chemical fertilizers, crop rotation and intercropping. Furthermore, the multivariate probit regression model showed that age of the respondents, educational level, farm size, household size, farming experience, farm income, awareness of sustainable soil management practices, average distance to the input market, average distance to the output market, average price of product, average price of input for each practice, subsidies on input for each practice, significantly influenced the adoption of sustainable soil management practice by farmers. Also, it was found by the study that inadequate fund is the major constraint faced by the respondents in adopting sustainable soil management practices.

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The study was designed to assess arable farmers’ livelihood options as a means of climate variability adaptation strategies in Ondo State, Nigeria. Specifically, the objective described the socioeconomic characteristics of arable farmers in Ondo State; examined other livelihood options engaged by the arable farmers in combating effects of climate variability on their farm income; determined the contribution of alternative livelihood options to total income and identified factors that influence the choice of alternative livelihood options. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed in the study area to collect data through in-depth interview from one hundred and sixty (160) arable farmers in four (4) designated agricultural zones in Ondo State. Moreover, the primary data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression. Apart from the fact that the findings revealed that majority of the respondents (78.75%) were male, it was also observed that the predominant age of the respondents was between 41 and 50 years (34.38%), with an average age of 45 years. The study also revealed that 21.3% of respondents selected off-farming as their option for a livelihood, while 32.5% of respondents engaged in non-farming activities as source of income. The study also revealed that the respondents' participation in non-farming and off-farming activities contributed about 40% of the total income they took in, making this choice the one that had the greatest impact on overall income. Multinomial logistic regression result revealed that respondents who chose farming as a livelihood option shows that age and primary education significantly influence the choice of choosing farming at 5% level of significance. Marital status, secondary education and, farm experience significantly influence the choice of choosing farming at 10% level of significance, while distance from of home to market significantly influence the choice of choosing farming at 1% level of significance. Also, respondents who chose off- farming as a livelihood option shows that age and farming experience significantly influence the choice of choosing off-farming at 10% level of significance, while respondents who chose non & off- farming livelihood option shows that age significantly influence the choice of choosing non & off-farming at 5% level of significance and farming experience significantly influence the choice of choosing non and off-farming at 1% level of significance: using non-farming as a base category.

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