The aim of this research was to determine effect of feed plants on growth of grass carp, Stenopharyngodon idella. Grass carp used had an average length of 12.8 cm and weight of 21.00 g. Fish were kept in 12 pouch nets with a density of 8 fish/net. Fish was fed in et libithum, twice a day. This research used Completely Randomized Design with four treatments: A Pennistum purpureum, B Eichornia crassipes, C Pistia stratiotes and D Azolla pinnata, each with three replications. Data from each treatment were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and LSD. Research results showed that growth of fish in treatment C was significantly different as compared to other treatments. Length of fish reached 3.30 cm, absolute growth 22.12 g and relative growth achieved 103.60%. thus, application of feed plant Pistia stratiotes might improved growth of grass carp.

Title (Bahasa Indonesia): Analisis pati sagu yang difermentasi dengan proses aerob dan anaerob sebagai bahan alternatif pengganti tepung ikan Fish meal is commonly used as the main ingredient in aqua feeds. In this study, sago (Metroxylon spp.) starch was fermented through aerobic and anaerobic processes using Rhizophus sp. The duration of fermentation was 10 days. Based on proximate analysis, the unfermented sago starch had protein content of 1.11%, while the fermented one showed five to eight times increased protein level. The carbohydrate, lipid, and ash contents were found to decline in both aerobic and anaerobic fermentation. On the other hand, water content and crude fiber increased in both aerobic and anaerobic processes. Tepung ikan umumnya digunakan sebagai bahan baku utama dalam pakan organisme budidaya. Dalam penelitian ini, bahan pati sagu (Metroxylon spp.) difermentasi secara aerob maupun anaerob dengan menggunakan Rhizopus sp. Lamanya fermentasi adalah 10 hari. Berdasarkan hasil uji proksimat, kandungan protein pati sagu tanpa fermentasi adalah 1,11 %, sedangkan bahan pati sagu yang difermentasi memperlihatkan peningkatan kandungan nilai proteinnya sebanyak lima sampai delapan kali. Kandungan karbohidrat, lemak, dan kadar abu berkurang pada kedua fermentasi aerob dan anaerob. Sebaliknya, kadar air dan serat kasar meningkat pada kedua proses aerob dan anaerob.

Bakasang produced from fermented fish’s offals contains some type of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and have potential as imunostimulant. LAB that can live and grow in the digestive tract of fish serve to suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and produce metabolites that can stimulate the activity of the immune system. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of bakasang as imunostimulant and to determine the optimal dose of bakasang for increasing non-specific immune response and growth in tilapia (Oreochronomis niloticus). This research was conducted using completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates: B0 (0 ml/kg feed), B1 (50 ml/kg feed), B2 (100 ml/kg feed), and B3 (150 ml/kg feed). The treatment feed was given for 4 weeks at a dose of 3% /body weight/day with a frequency of twice a day (08:00 and 17:00). The data taken were immune parameters (total leukocytes and phagocytic activity) and growth. To evaluate the effect of bakasang, the observed parameters were subjected to analysis of variance performed to evaluate differences between the treatments. The results show that after 4 weeks of feeding, the total leukocyte of tilapia treated with bakasang B2 (100 ml/kg feed) on week three was significantly different compared to the total leukocytes in the other treatments with total leukocytes of 68% more than the control. Phagocytic activity in treated fish with 100 and 150 ml/kg (Treatment B2 and B3) were significantly different (p<0.05) from the other treatments. Nevertheless, the phagocytic activity in treatment B2 (100 ml/kg) was higher than B3 (150 ml/kg). Bakasang has an influence on growth during 4 weeks treatment in B1 and B2 which were significantly different to other treatments, but the difference between B1 and B2 treatment was not significantly different. The weight gain of tilapia in treatment B1 was 17.06 ± 3.17 g or 34.75% more than the control treatment, while the B2 body weight reached 17.72 ± 2.63 g or 39.96% greater than the control. In conclusion, the inclusion of bakasang in fish feed by using oral technique with a dose of 100 ml/kg could increase the nonspecific immune response and growth of tilapia. Bakasang yang dihasilkan dari fermentasi jeroan ikan mengandung beberapa jenis Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) dan mempunyai potensi sebagai immunostimulan. BAL, yang dapat hidup dan tumbuh di dalam saluran pencernaan, berfungsi menekan pertumbuhan bakteri patogen dan menghasilkan produk metabolit yang dapat merangsang aktivitas sistem kekebalan tubuh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh bakasang sebagai imunostimulan serta menentukan  dosis yang optimal  dalam meningkatkan respon imun non spesifik dan pertumbuhan pada ikan nila (Oreochronomis niloticus). Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan  Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan empat perlakuan B0 (0 ml/kg pakan), B1 (50 ml/kg pakan), B2 (100 ml/kg pakan), dan B3 (150 ml/kg pakan); masing-masing dengan tiga ulangan.  Pakan perlakuan diberikan selama 4 minggu dengan dosis sebanyak 3%/bb/hari dengan frekwensi pemberian 2x sehari pagi (08.00), dan sore (17.00). Data yang diamati terdiri dari parameter imun (total leukosit dan aktivitas fagositik) dan pertumbuhan. Untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh bakasang terhadap parameter yang diamati dilakukan analisis ragam, sedangkan untuk mengevaluasi perbedaan pengaruh antar perlakuan dilakukan Uji Duncan. Setelah diberikan selama  4 minggu, total leukosit ikan nila yang diberi perlakuan bakasang  B2 (100 ml/kg pakan) minggu ke-3 berbeda sangat nyata dibandingkan dengan total leukosit pada perlakuan lainnya dengan total leukosit mencapai 68% lebih banyak dari kontrol. Aktivitas fagositosis pada ikan yang diberi perlakuan 100 ml/kg dan 150 ml/kg (Perlakuan B2 dan B3 ) berbeda nyata (p< 0.05) dengan perlakuan lainnya. Meskipun demikian aktivitas fagositosis pada perlakuan B2 (100 ml/kg) lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada perlakuan B3 (150 ml/kg). Pengaruh bakasang  terhadap pertumbuhan selama minggu ke 4 perlakuan B1 dan B2 berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya, namun antar perlakuan B1 dan B2 tidak berbeda nyata. Perolehan berat ikan nila pada perlakuan  B1 sebesar 17,06 ± 3,17 g atau 34,75% lebih berat dari kontrol, sedangkan pada perlakuan B2 berat tubuh mencapai  17,72 ± 2,63 g atau 39,96% lebih besar dari kontrol. Sebagai kesimpulan, pemberian bakasang secara oral pada pakan ikan dapat menjadi imunostimulan dan memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ikan dengan dosis 100 ml/ kg pakan.

No abstract

The use of trash fish ( Treatment A ), trash fish + cassava( Treatment B), pellets+ trash fish ( Treatment C ) and a mixture of trash fish + cassava + pellets ( Treatment D ) as feed had been conducted to evaluate its effect on growth of Caranx sexfasciatus. This research was carried out inTelengen Bay waters, Central Tabukan District, Sangihe Islands Regency. Fish with weighing 60,9 -62,9 g were distributed in 12 net cages measuring 3x1x1 m with the density of 5 fish each. Fish were fed three times a day for seven weeks. Fish weight was measured every week. At the end of experiment, the individual weight of fish ranged from 168,7 to 222,8 g in with the highest average weigth gain was achieved in treatment A namely 222.8 g (354.2%)), followed by treatment C 178.0 g (286.6 %) treatment D 170.08 g (280.5%), and treatment B as much as 168.7 g (274.3%). Statistical analysis displayed that weight gain of fish in treatment A was significantly different as compared to that of treatments B, C, and D. There was no significant differencesbetween treatment B, C, and D. Food conversion ratio of treatment A was significantly different compared to other treatments. Food conversion ratio of treatment A was 2.80, B 4.25, C 3.70, D 3.88. as conclusion, the use of trash fish without supplementaion with others ingradients resulted in the highest absolute and relatif growth of fish and the lowest food conversion ratio of 2.80 as compared to other treatments. Keywords: Caranx sexfasciatus, weight gain, food conversion ratio, floting net cage