Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) is uniquely expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and of major importance for the tissues thermogenic capacity. This study was undertaken to detect variants in the UCP1 gene by single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and subsequent sequencing, and determine their potential association with obesity. Four variants predicting for amino acid substitutions were detected, of which Arg40Trp (exon 1) and Lys257Arg (exon 5) were rare mutations. In contrast, the allele frequency of a polymorphism in exon 2 predicting for an Ala64Thr substitution was 8.2% in a cohort of 293 obese children and adolescents compared to 4.1% in 134 lean individuals, while the allele frequency of a Met229Leu variant (exon 5) was not markedly different between the obese (10.4%) and lean (12.0%) study groups. Although one of the identi®ed polymorphisms tends to have a higher frequency in obese than in lean subjects, variants of the UCP1 gene do not seem to contribute signi®cantly to the development of early-onset obesity in the German population.
We did not detect significant differences for allele and carrier frequencies of individual polymorphisms. Together with previously obtained data on genotype distribution of a beta(3)-AR variant in the same study group, no significant differences were found between obese and lean subjects for the distribution of individuals with variants in none, one, two or all three beta-ARs. Our data make it unlikely that polymorphisms in beta-ARs are involved in the pathogenesis of early onset obesity.
Vor einigen dahren haben T a f e l und F r i e d e r i c h s I) mitgeteilt, da13 man in alkoholisch-schwefelsaurer Losnng den Acetessigester elektrolytisch reduzieren kann und da13 dabei pro Molekul nnhezu sechs dtome Wasserstoff verbraucht werden, da13 also die Reduktion nicht nur auf die Ketongruppe, sondern aoch auf die Carboxylgruppe sich erstreckt. Wir haben uns nun bemuht , die Hauptprodukte der elektrolytischen Reduktion von @-Ketonsaureestern zu isolieren, haben aber znniichst statt des Acetessigesters den Benzylacetessigester (I) verwendet, weil zu erwarten stakd, daS bei ihm die Trennuug der Reduktionsprodukte geringere Schwierigkeiten bieten werde als hei jenem.Die Liste der von vornherein moglichen Reduktionsprodulite des Benzylacetessigesters ist sehr groB. Selbst wenn wir von den) mit Sicherheit zu erwartenden Zusammentreten zweier Molekule (z. B. unter Pinakonbildung) und von acetalartigen Korpern absehen, zlhlen wir noch 14 verschiedene Moglichkeiten. Von diesen haben wir in dem Reaktionsprodukt nachgewiesen : FI-Benzyl-y -O x y b u t t e r s a u r e e s t e r (II), B -B e n z y l -N o r m a lb u t t e r s a u r e e s t e r (III), @ -B e n z y la, y -D i k e t o n o r m u l b u t a n (Benzylacetessigaldehyd) (IV) und B enz y l b 11 t y 1-5 t h y 1-a t h e r (V), von denen die beiden letzteren bisher noch nicht bekannt wareu. Das auffallendste und unerwartete Resultat der Untersuchung ist jedoch die Beobachtung, daI3 ein betriichtlicher Teil des Ketonsaureesters vollstandig zum Kohlenwasserstoff, dem bisher ebenfalls unbekannten @ -H e n z y l b n t a n (VI) reduziert w i d CH3 CH3 CH3 C& co IV. . CO CH . OH CHz CH . C7 Hg
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