One of the most significant concepts of deep restructuring of the economic mechanism of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the creation of an integral, effective and flexible system of economic management and the implementation on this basis of a program to improve the technical level and quality of machines. The car park of our country is more replenished with vehicles with diesel engines. The development of contemporary diesel engine building is proceeding by forcing engines: increasing the average effective pressure and speed. Therefore, high reliability and service life, fuel efficiency and environmental performance are the basic criteria for their quality. Forcing diesel engines leads to an increase in thermal and mechanical loads on the basic parts of the cylinder-piston group (CPG) (piston, liner and cylinder head), a significant increase in their temperature, as well as the temperature of piston rings and valves. Overheating of parts is accompanied by the formation of temperature fields with a pronounced uneven temperature distribution and, as a result, an increase in thermal stresses with a simultaneous deterioration of the mechanical properties of the material, the formation of cracks and, finally, the destruction of the part. In this regard, the task of protecting parts from excessive exposure to high thermal loads from the working fluid becomes urgent, or, in other words, the task of creating a diesel engine with reduced heat removal from the working fluid.

The foregoing explains the experimentally established fact that in a heat-insulated diesel engine, diffusion combustion is of great importance - both in terms of the share of heat release and the duration of combustion. To compensate for the decrease in the efficiency of a thermally insulated diesel engine due to an increase in the duration of combustion, the injection advance is increased. The economic effect achieved in this way by increasing the maximum cylinder pressure cannot be considered due to thermal insulation. For typical compression end temperatures in a thermally insulated diesel engine, diffusion combustion, especially in the near-wall layers, is limited by transfer processes. This fact, in addition to the need to eliminate re-enriched zones in the near-wall layers, urgently requires additional turbulization of the working fluid during mixture formation and combustion in thermally insulated engines. The difficulty in solving this problem lies in the fact that one of the most important turbulence generators is the intake process, and one of the most effective solutions is special intake channels. However, the averaged motion and turbulence in the combustor decay significantly during compression. This process is enhanced in a thermally insulated diesel engine due to an increase in the molecular viscosity of the air. The same applies to the generation of turbulence at the end of compression-beginning of expansion. Thus, turbulization of the charge in the combustion chamber of a thermally insulated diesel engine is an urgent problem.

In the Russian Federation, the main gas reserves are located in Siberia, and they are also present in the North Caucasus and the Black Sea basin. The largest gas fields in Russia are in harsh climatic conditions and drilling remains the main method of their development. Prior to its use, a preliminary study of rocks is required. Safety rules in the oil and gas industry are always relevant, taking into account, as a rule, harsh natural and climatic conditions in promising gas production regions. The forecasts for the growth of Russia’s gas industry varied greatly depending on the overall future prospects for the development of the country’s economic situation. This would entail examining the risks posed by the combined effects of natural and man-made factors on the environment and human health in areas affected by the gas industry. The most effective and widespread method of gas production, but at the same time the most traumatic of the articles is drilling. The article presents the main reasons for the injury of workers during drilling operations: technical, sanitary, organizational and psychological. Based on the causes of injuries in the performance of brown work, the authors developed and presented in the article a number of measures aimed at the pre-rotation or reduction of the impact of dangerous and harmful factors on workers when drilling gas wells. Gas mixtures of explosions and fire hazards, as well as when inhaled, can lead to poisoning of workers or an emergency. The development of a list of measures to protect against peacetime emergencies for gas facilities is presented in the second part of the work in the form of organizational and engineering measures. The list of measures for protection in peacetime emergencies for gas facilities is aimed at ensuring industrial safety, emergency resistance of hazardous production facilities, creating safe working conditions during drilling operations.

The prospects for the use of hydrogen in automobile engines have been studied, it is possible to summarize, first of all, in relation to environmental friendliness, renewable and unlimited raw materials and the unique characteristics of the engine, which allows the use of hydrogen without making fundamental changes in modern engines. The norms for the emission of harmful substances into the environment are given and ways to reduce the emission of these harmful substances are shown. The schematic diagrams of the hydrogen electrolyzer are developed and the transfer of hydrogen to the combustion chambers is indicated. The paper describes the combustion process of a gasoline-hydrogen-air mixture using the mass transfer method.

The main concepts of safety culture at work and the problems of their adaptation to specific conditions at the enterprises of PJSC LUKOIL and PJSC SIBUR Holding are considered. Safety culture is a broad concept that includes a set of knowledge, beliefs, moral values, habits, skills, as well as a set of legislative and normative acts. Individual elements of a safety culture can be implemented in various combinations. However, not all the organizations have a specific concept for implementing safety culture programs in their workplaces. In this regard, the study of the efficiency of the activities of the enterprises of PJSC LUKOIL and PJSC SIBUR Holding was conducted to improve the culture of occupational safety. The dynamics of incidents and its dependence on the introduced measures for the implementation of programs for the culture of safety at work were assessed. The objectives of this work are to establish afore-mentioned dependence at work, as well as to identify the best practices for introducing an occupational safety culture. The causes of injuries and their relationship with the safety culture at work, as well as the influence of individual tools of this culture on the frequency and severity of incidents are considered. It is established that the use of only informational tools, as is done at many Russian enterprises, does not reduce injuries. Simple information does not lead to an improvement in occupational safety and efficiency of the enterprise, and sometimes even causes the opposite effect. The most promising and efficient tool for the occupational safety culture is the assessment of occupational risks, i.e., identification of incidents that potentially lead to injury or incident. The conducted analysis of the implementation of various programs on the culture of occupational safety will help enterprises to choose the concept of safety culture that is optimal for themselves and, as a result, reduce the level of work injuries.