Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin and is a product of continuous cell expansion until the cytomembrane ruptures, resulting in the release of cellular contents that can activate strong inflammatory and immune responses. Pyroptosis, an innate immune response, can be triggered by the activation of inflammasomes by various influencing factors. Activation of these inflammasomes can induce the maturation of caspase-1 or caspase-4/5/11, both of which cleave gasdermin D to release its N-terminal domain, which can bind membrane lipids and perforate the cell membrane. Here, we review the latest advancements in research on the mechanisms of pyroptosis, newly discovered influencing factors, antitumoral properties, and applications in various diseases. Moreover, this review also provides updates on potential targeted therapies for inflammation and cancers, methods for clinical prevention, and finally challenges and future directions in the field.

Bone tissue engineering uses the principles and methods of engineering and life sciences to study bone structure, function and growth mechanism for the purposes of repairing, maintaining and improving damaged bone tissue. Scaffolds not only provide structural support for stem cells in cell adhesion and proliferation and bone formation, but also serve as a microenvironment for guiding stem cell differentiation and tissue regeneration and for controlling tissue structure. This review presents the research status of the scaffold microenvironment for bone-related stem cells based on bone tissue engineering. Scaffold materials and the stem cell microenvironment are described in this review, and the existing shortcomings are also simply mentioned.

As a commonly used treatment method for cancer, chemotherapy is greatly limited by the side effects of chemotherapy drugs and the multiple drug resistance that develops. Nanogels are considered ideal...

Antioxidant hydrogel has exhibited great potential for diabetic wound treatment. However, it is still a difficult challenge to realize reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging in an intelligent manner. Herein, we designed a novel glucose-responsive antioxidant hybrid hydrogel for enhanced diabetic wound repair. In this study, phenylboronic acid (PBA) with unique glucose-sensitivity was modified onto a hyaluronic acid (HA) chain by one-step synthesis, which was then incorporated into a polyethylene glycol diacrylates (PEG-DA) hydrogel matrix to obtain a novel hybrid hydrogel (PEG-DA/HA-PBA). Then, myricetin (MY) molecules with strong antioxidant activity were immobilized into the hybrid hydrogel by the formation of a dynamic borate bond between the polyphenol group of MY and the phenylboronic acid group of HA-PBA. The PEG-DA/HA-PBA/MY (PHM) hybrid hydrogel achieved glucose-triggered MY release, efficient ROS-scavenging (>80.0%), and also reshaped the hostile oxidative wound microenvironment (reduced MDA activity and increased SOD and GSH/GSSG levels). Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo results indicated that the PHM hydrogel platform effectively ameliorated the inflammatory response (decreased IL-6 and increased Il-10 expression), accelerated angiogenesis (increased VEGF and CD 31 expression), and increased tissue remodeling within 20 days, which was better than the nonresponsive PEG-DA/MY (PM) hydrogel platform in promoting diabetic wound healing. All results strongly suggested that this novel glucose-responsive antioxidant hybrid hydrogel platform has great potential in diabetic wound repair.