Multimodal biometrics are promising for providing a strong security level for personal authentication, yet the implementation of a multimodal biometric system for practical usage need to meet such criteria that multimodal biometric signals should be easy to acquire but not easily compromised. We developed a wearable wrist band integrated with multispectral skin photomatrix (MSP) and electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors to improve the issues of collectability, performance and circumvention of multimodal biometric authentication. The band was designed to ensure collectability by sensing both MSP and ECG easily and to achieve high authentication performance with low computation, efficient memory usage, and relatively fast response. Acquisition of MSP and ECG using contact-based sensors could also prevent remote access to personal data. Personal authentication with multimodal biometrics using the integrated wearable wrist band was evaluated in 150 subjects and resulted in 0.2% equal error rate (EER) and 100% detection probability at 1% FAR (false acceptance rate) (PD.1), which is comparable to other state-of-the-art multimodal biometrics. An additional investigation with a separate MSP sensor, which enhanced contact with the skin, along with ECG reached 0.1% EER and 100% PD.1, showing a great potential of our in-house wearable band for practical applications. The results of this study demonstrate that our newly developed wearable wrist band may provide a reliable and easy-to-use multimodal biometric solution for personal authentication.

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Considerable attention has been focused on digital X-ray systems with transmission. However, only a few attempts have been made using X-ray backscatter system. It has difficulty that we have to reconstruct image from a little data in the image processing. Especially, it is necessary that the method correct error of detector effectively. That is the most important thing in the acquisition of X-ray data. In this paper, it is that propose some data processing methods that correct error of detector, and we can recognize that the image reconstruction from a little data is effective.