An efficient, green and reusable catalytic system for controlled 3-indolylation of isatins.

Inclusion complexes were formed by including the pesticide beta-cypermethrin (BC) in sulfonated hydroxyethylβ-cyclodextrin (SHECD) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBECD), and these complexes were then intercalated into the galleries of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) to synthesize BC/SHECD−LDH and BC/SBECD−LDH hybrids. The hybrids were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry/ differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that BC/SHECD− LDH and BC/SBECD−LDH had basal spacings of 1.64 and 2.12 nm, respectively, which were analyzed on the basis of the structural properties of cyclodextrin (CD). The combustion temperature of interlayer SHECD was increased by 140 °C through intercalation. Furthermore, the release behaviors of BC from BC/SHECD−LDH and BC/SBECD−LDH composites were investigated. The release of BC from the hybrids was faster at pH 6.8 than at pH 5.0, and the released amounts were higher at the former pH, in close correlation with the structural type of CD and the release media. The BC release kinetic processes were wellfitted with pseudo-second-order and parabolic diffusion models. BC/SHECD−LDH could potentially be applied for pesticide formulation.

In search of environmentally benign insecticides with high activity, low toxicity, and low residue, a series of novel anthranilic diamide containing propargyl ether were designed and synthesized. All compounds were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, high‐resolution mass spectrometry, or elemental analysis. The single crystal structure of 18g was determined by X‐ray diffraction. The insecticidal activities against Lepidoptera pests of the new compounds were evaluated. Their insecticidal activities against oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata) and diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) indicated that most of the compounds showed moderate to high activities at the tested concentration.

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Solvent‐controlled Friedel–Crafts reaction of indoles with various isatins catalyzed by 1,4‐diazobicyclo[2.2.2]octane(DABCO)‐base ionic liquids for a general route toward synthesis of 3‐indolyl‐3‐hydroxy oxindoles and 3, 3‐diindolyl oxindoles has been successful developed. When the reaction was performed in THF, only the monoindolylation products of 3‐indolyl‐3‐hydroxy oxindoles were obtained in good to excellent yields (70–96%). While water was employed as solvent, 3, 3‐diindolyl oxindoles were obtained as the sole products in excellent yields (85–98%). Plausible reaction mechanisms were proposed according to the experimental results.