A total of 150 weanling pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average BW of 7.22 ± 0.80 kg (21 d of age) were used in a 28-d trial to determine the effects of dietary fructan and mannan oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, and diarrhea score in weanling pigs. Pigs were allotted randomly to 1 of 5 dietary treatments: 1) negative control (NC), basal diet; 2) positive control (PC), NC + 0.01% apramycin (165 mg/kg); 3) NC + 0.1% fructan (FC); 4) NC + 0.1% mannan oligosaccharide source (MO); and 5) NC + 0.05% fructan + 0.05% mannan oligosaccharide source (FM). There were 3 replications per treatment with 10 pigs per pen (5 barrows and 5 gilts). From d 0 to 14, ADG and ADFI of pigs fed the PC, MO, and FM diets were greater (P < 0.05) than pigs fed the NC diet. From d 15 to 28, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in ADG, ADFI, and G:F. During the overall period (d 0 to 28), pigs fed the MO diet had a greater ADG than pigs fed the NC diet (P < 0.05). Pigs fed the PC and MO diets increased ADFI (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed the NC diet. However, no differences were detected among dietary treatments in G:F during the overall experimental period. On d 14, the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM and N in pigs fed the PC, MO, and FM diets was greater (P < 0.05) than pigs fed the NC diet. The ATTD of DM increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the MO and FM diets compared with pigs fed the FC diet. However, at the end of the experiment, pigs fed the FM diet had a greater (P < 0.05) ATTD of DM compared with pigs fed the NC diet. Additionally, there were no differences in IgG, red blood cells, white blood cells, and lymphocyte counts among dietary treatments on d 0, 14, or 28. The diarrhea score in pigs fed the MO diet was reduced (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed the NC diet. In conclusion, mannan oligosaccharides have a beneficial effect on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weanling pigs. Furthermore, mannan oligosaccharides can decrease diarrhea score in weanling pigs.
A total of 140 weaning pigs ((Landrace×Yorkshire)×Duroc, BW = 6.47±0.86 kg) were used in a 5-wk growth trail to determine the effects of phytoncide supplementation on growth performance, nutrient apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), blood profiles, diarrhea scores and fecal microflora shedding. Pigs were assigned randomly by BW into 5 treatments, dietary treatments were: i) NC, basal diet; ii) PC, NC+0.05% tylosin; iii) EO, NC+0.1% essential oil; iv) PP, NC+0.2% PP (phytoncide with 2% citric acid), and v) PA, NC+0.2% PA (phytoncide). Each treatment had 7 replicate pens with 4 pigs per pen. All pigs were housed in pens with a self-feeder and nipple drinker to allow ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the experimental period. During 0 to 2 wks, supplementation with essential oil and PA decreased (p<0.05) G/F compared with the other treatments. During 2 to 5 wks, supplementation with PA led to a higher (p<0.05) G/F than the other treatments. At 2 wk, ATTD of dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) in EO treatment were decreased (p<0.05) compared with NC treatment. Dietary PC treatment improved (p<0.05) ATTD of DM and E compared with the CON group, and PA and PP treatments showed a higher (p<0.05) ATTD of E than that in NC treatment. Pigs fed phytoncide (PA and PP) had a greater (p<0.05) ATTD of DM than those of NC and EO treatments at 5 wk. Moreover, supplementation with phytoncide elevated (p<0.05) the concentration of immunoglobulin (IgG) in blood at 2 wk. The inclusion of EO, PP and PA treatments showed a greater (p<0.05) amount of fecal Lactobacillus compared with CON group. However, no difference (p>0.05) was observed in diarrhea scores among treatments. In conclusion, phytoncide can elevate feed efficiency, nutrient digestibility, and improve the fecal Lactobacillus counts in weaning pigs. Our results indicated that the phytoncide could be used as a good antibiotics alternative in weaning pigs.
SOMMAIRE Cette étude rapporte les variations de la teneur en constituants membranaires des feuilles, des tiges et des plantes entières des principales espèces fourragères récoltées à différents stades de développement. On a déterminé les teneurs en hémicelluloses, cellulose et lignine, de 1 6 5 échantillons d'organes séparés, de 8 2 échantillons de plantes entières et de 20 échantillons de foins de pré (tableau z) ; on a séparé les différents polysaccharides membranaires de i i 4 de ces échantillons, choisis parmi les plus représentatifs. Les résultats ne sont présentés individuellement que pour ces derniers, dans les tableaux situés en annexe (m à 22). Exprimées en pourcentage de la matière sèche, les teneurs en cellulose, en xylanes et en lignine ont présenté des variations très importantes avec l'organe, le stade de développement et la famille botaniqne ; ainsi, la teneur en cellulose a varié de 9 p. ioo pour les feuilles de légumineuses à 30-35 p. 100 pour la plupart des tiges de graminées et de légumineuses récoltées à la floraison, et la teneur en xylanes de 2 à 2 , 5 p. 100 pour les feuilles de luzerne à 1 8 p. 100 en moyenne pour les inflorescences de graminées. Au contraire, les teneurs en arabanes et en hexosanes hydrolysables ont été beaucoup moins variables, et le plus souvent comprises entre 3 et 4 p. 100 et 2 et 3 , 5 p. ioo respectivement. La composition des membranes (estimées par la somme hémicelluloses + cellulose + lignine) a également présenté des variations caractéristiques. Chez toutes les espèces étudiées, les membranes des feuilles ont contenu plus d'hémicelluloses, d'arabanes, d'hexosanes hydrolysables que les membranes des tiges, mais moins de cellulose vraie et de xylanes (le trèfle violet faisant exception à ce dernier point de vue). A stade botanique comparable, les membranes des limbes de graminées ont contenu plus de xylanes et de cellulose que celles des feuilles de légumineuses, mais moins d'hexosanes hydrolysables et de lignine. Au cours du développement, la composition des membranes est demeurée relativement constante dans les feuilles de légumineuses, de même que dans les limbes et les tiges de choux, mais elle a présenté une évolution dans toutes les autres catégories d'échantillons. Cette évolution a été très limitée pour les membranes des limbes, des gaines et même des tiges de graminées, et très importante pour les membranes des tiges de légumineuses. les dégrade en acides gras volatils et, ensuite, pour le ruminant qui utilise ces derniers. Il est donc nécessaire de bien connaître la teneur, et les caractéristiquesphysico
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