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Remote sensing images contain complex backgrounds and multi-scale objects, which pose a challenging task for scene classification. The performance is highly dependent on the capacity of the scene representation as well as the discriminability of the classifier. Although multiple models possess better properties than a single model on these aspects, the fusion strategy for these models is a key component to maximize the final accuracy. In this paper, we construct a novel dual-model architecture with a grouping-attention-fusion strategy to improve the performance of scene classification. Specifically, the model employs two different convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for feature extraction, where the grouping-attention-fusion strategy is used to fuse the features of the CNNs in a fine and multi-scale manner. In this way, the resultant feature representation of the scene is enhanced. Moreover, to address the issue of similar appearances between different scenes, we develop a loss function which encourages small intra-class diversities and large inter-class distances. Extensive experiments are conducted on four scene classification datasets include the UCM land-use dataset, the WHU-RS19 dataset, the AID dataset, and the OPTIMAL-31 dataset. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in comparison with the state-of-the-arts.

Online learning has become one of the most important learning styles, yet with the need of supervisors to consistently keep the learners motivated and on-task. Some learners could be supervised by outer factors, and distance learners have to be motivated by themselves. However, online learning engagement is hardly to be assessed by supervisors in real time. With the rapid development of information technology, it is able to remedy the above problem by using intelligent video surveillance techniques. In this paper, we propose a novel framework of learning engagement assessment which introduces facial expression recognition to timely acquire the emotional changes of the learners. Moreover, a new facial expression recognition method is proposed based on domain adaptation, which is suitable for the MOOC scenario. The experiments show the effectiveness of our proposed framework on assessing learners’ learning engagement. The comparisons with the state-of-the-art methods also demonstrate the superiority of our proposed facial emotion recognition method.

Remote sensing image scene classification is an important task of remote sensing image interpretation, which has recently been well addressed by the convolutional neural network owing to its powerful learning ability. However, due to the multiple types of geographical information and redundant background information of the remote sensing images, most of the CNN-based methods, especially those based on a single CNN model and those ignoring the combination of global and local features, exhibit limited performance on accurate classification. To compensate for such insufficiency, we propose a new dual-model deep feature fusion method based on an attention cascade global–local network (ACGLNet). Specifically, we use two popular CNNs as the feature extractors to extract complementary multiscale features from the input image. Considering the characteristics of the global and local features, the proposed ACGLNet filters the redundant background information from the low-level features through the spatial attention mechanism, followed by which the locally attended features are fused with the high-level features. Then, bilinear fusion is employed to produce the fused representation of the dual model, which is finally fed to the classifier. Through extensive experiments on four public remote sensing scene datasets, including UCM, AID, PatternNet, and OPTIMAL-31, we demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method and its superiority over the state-of-the-art scene classification methods.

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