Redox current amplification has been demonstrated using carbon interdigitated array ͑IDA͒ nanoelectrodes derived from precursor polymer microstructures through conventional photolithography and pyrolysis. This simple conversion process, also known as carbon-microelectromechanical systems, enables nanometer-level fabrication of carbon materials in a reproducible and an economic manner. We demonstrated that with carbon IDA nanoelectrodes fabricated in two mask processes a current amplification factor of 25 can be obtained. This high amplification factor is a result of the efficient recycling of redox species between the 1:1 aspect ratio carbon nanoelectrodes. This type of a current amplification value is hard to obtain when using more traditional flat nanometer level spaced noble metal IDA electrodes fabricated with more expensive nanopatterning processes such as E-beam lithography.

Improved performance in plasmonic organic solar cells (OSCs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) via strong plasmon-coupling effects generated by aligned silver nanowire (AgNW) transparent electrodes decorated with core-shell silver-silica nanoparticles (Ag@SiO NPs) is demonstrated. NP-enhanced plasmonic AgNW (Ag@SiO NP-AgNW) electrodes enable substantially enhanced radiative emission and light absorption efficiency due to strong hybridized plasmon coupling between localized surface plasmons (LSPs) and propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) modes, which leads to improved device performance in organic optoelectronic devices (OODs). The discrete dipole approximation (DDA) calculation of the electric field verifies a strongly enhanced plasmon-coupling effect caused by decorating core-shell Ag@SiO NPs onto the AgNWs. Notably, an electroluminescence efficiency of 25.33 cd A (at 3.2 V) and a power efficiency of 25.14 lm W (3.0 V) in OLEDs, as well as a power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of 9.19% in OSCs are achieved using hybrid Ag@SiO NP-AgNW films. These are the highest values reported to date for optoelectronic devices based on AgNW electrodes. This work provides a new design platform to fabricate high-performance OODs, which can be further explored in various plasmonic and optoelectronic devices.

Diphenyl ether acts as a predominant processing additive regardless of the polymer crystallinity in bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells.

Electron transport layers are used to minimize energetic barriers to electron injection and extraction in methylammonium lead bromide films, allowing photocurrent generation and light emission from “peroptronic” light-emitting solar cells.